Andrew Hammond is a Tutor in Turkish History at the University of Oxford. He formerly worked as a journalist covering the Arab Spring and a political analyst on Middle East Affairs. His previous books include What the Arabs Think of America (2007), The Islamic Utopia (2012) and Popular Culture in North Africa and the Middle East (2017).

'With impressive language skills and theoretical perspectives, Hammond offers a much-needed correction to the historiography of modern Muslim intellectual history. By orienting our gaze to the linkages between the imperial Ottoman debates on reforming the Islamic tradition and the Egyptian intellectual circles of the interwar period, Hammond offers one of the most original insights on the roots of Cold War-era Islamist thought.' Cemil Aydin, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

• Foreword; 1. The Late Ottoman intellectual tradition: a historiographical review; 2. Ottoman exiles: from Constantinople to Cairo; 3. Ottoman scholars and their reception of Muhammed 'Abduh; 4. The Salafi revolution: Kevseri's defence of Sunni traditionalism; 5. Nation state, Islamic state: the Egypt exiles and new political imaginaries; 6. The Late Ottomans' impact on modern Islamic thought; Appendices.