Tip of the Tongue States

Anne M. Cleary is Professor of Psychology at Colorado State University. Her research examines odd memory phenomena like déjà vu through the perspective of their potential usefulness, for instance in driving goal-oriented behavior. She has published over seventy professional articles and book chapters as well as three books, including The Déjà vu Experience (2nd Edition, 2021), and Memory Quirks (2020). Bennett L. Schwartz is Professor of Psychology at Florida International University. His work on metacognition and memory in both humans and non-humans has been published in more than 100 journal articles, books, and book chapters. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of the journal Memory & Cognition.

'Cleary and Schwartz have produced a masterful addition to TOT literature. They present cutting edge research on the TOT experience, and their innovative investigations have moved the field in exciting and unexpected directions. This book clearly summarizes current TOT research and seamlessly integrates it with foundational literature. It is a must read for all who are intrigued by this puzzling phenomenon, and it is sure to stimulate new thinking about this universal experience.' Alan S. Brown, Emeritus Professor of Psychology, Southern Methodist University

• 1. Introduction and History of Research on Tip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) States; 2. Methodology: How Researchers Study the Tip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) State; 3. Tip-of-the-Tongue (TOT) States in the Lab and in the World; 4. TOT State Etiology: What Causes a TOT State?; 5. Phenomenology: What Is It Like to Have a Word on the Tip of the Tongue?; 6. Flipping the Script: Tip-of-the-Tongue-State-Related Biases; 7. It's Not all Bad: The Benefits of the Tip-of-the-Tongue State and Its Related Biases; 8. TOT States Early and Late in Life: Developmental Aspects of TOT States; 9. Toward an Understanding of the Neural Basis of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Experience; 10. Related Phenomena: Other Tip-of's; 11. Tying It All Together: Conclusions and Future Directions.