Matthew Restall is the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History, Anthropology, and Women's Gender and Sexuality Studies, and Director of Latin American Studies, at Pennsylvania State University. His two-dozen books, in seven languages, include Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest (2021) and When Montezuma Met Cortés (2018). He is co-editor of the Cambridge book series Cambridge Latin American Studies. Kris Lane is the France Vinton Scholes Chair in Colonial Latin American History at Tulane University. He is the author of several books on resource extraction, colonial commodities, piracy and social conflict in the early modern Americas. He is co-editor of the Cambridge book series Cambridge Latin American Studies.

• Preface: The Colonial Crucible; Acknowledgments; Part I. Before the Great Encounter: 1. Indigenous Americans; 2. Iberians; 3. Africans; Part II. The Long Conquest: 4. Iberian Imperial Dawn; 5. Indigenous American Empires; 6. The Chain of Conquest; 7. The Incomplete Conquest; Part III. The Colonial Middle: 8. Indigenous Communities; 9. Black Communities; 10. The Religious Renaissance; 11. Deviancy, Discipline, and Identity; 12. Daily Life in City and Country; Part IV. The Age of Change: 13. War and Reform; 14. Late Colonial Life; 15. Independence; Conclusion: The Latin American Puzzle; Index.

Matthew Restall is the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History, Anthropology, and Women's Gender and Sexuality Studies, and Director of Latin American Studies, at Pennsylvania State University. His two-dozen books, in seven languages, include Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest (2021) and When Montezuma Met Cortés (2018). He is co-editor of the Cambridge book series Cambridge Latin American Studies. Kris Lane is the France Vinton Scholes Chair in Colonial Latin American History at Tulane University. He is the author of several books on resource extraction, colonial commodities, piracy and social conflict in the early modern Americas. He is co-editor of the Cambridge book series Cambridge Latin American Studies.

• Preface: The Colonial Crucible; Acknowledgments; Part I. Before the Great Encounter: 1. Indigenous Americans; 2. Iberians; 3. Africans; Part II. The Long Conquest: 4. Iberian Imperial Dawn; 5. Indigenous American Empires; 6. The Chain of Conquest; 7. The Incomplete Conquest; Part III. The Colonial Middle: 8. Indigenous Communities; 9. Black Communities; 10. The Religious Renaissance; 11. Deviancy, Discipline, and Identity; 12. Daily Life in City and Country; Part IV. The Age of Change: 13. War and Reform; 14. Late Colonial Life; 15. Independence; Conclusion: The Latin American Puzzle; Index.

Matthew Restall is the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History, Anthropology, and Women's Gender and Sexuality Studies, and Director of Latin American Studies, at Pennsylvania State University. His two-dozen books, in seven languages, include Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest (2021) and When Montezuma Met Cortés (2018). He is co-editor of the Cambridge book series Cambridge Latin American Studies. Kris Lane is the France Vinton Scholes Chair in Colonial Latin American History at Tulane University. He is the author of several books on resource extraction, colonial commodities, piracy and social conflict in the early modern Americas. He is co-editor of the Cambridge book series Cambridge Latin American Studies.

• Preface: The Colonial Crucible; Acknowledgments; Part I. Before the Great Encounter: 1. Indigenous Americans; 2. Iberians; 3. Africans; Part II. The Long Conquest: 4. Iberian Imperial Dawn; 5. Indigenous American Empires; 6. The Chain of Conquest; 7. The Incomplete Conquest; Part III. The Colonial Middle: 8. Indigenous Communities; 9. Black Communities; 10. The Religious Renaissance; 11. Deviancy, Discipline, and Identity; 12. Daily Life in City and Country; Part IV. The Age of Change: 13. War and Reform; 14. Late Colonial Life; 15. Independence; Conclusion: The Latin American Puzzle; Index.