James M. Byrne is Professor in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and Director of the Global Community Corrections Initiative (www.glob.cci.org). His edited texts include The Social Ecology of Crime (1986), Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of Intermediate Sanctions (1994), The New Technology of Crime, Law and Social Control (2007), and The Culture of Prison Violence (2008).Don Hummer is Associate Professor in the School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg. His research focuses on corrections policy, violence, and the implications of technological advances for justice system actors. He is co-editor of The Culture of Prison Violence (2008) and Handbook of Police Administration (2008).Sabrina S. Rapisarda is doctoral student in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Much of Sabrina’s work has been anchored in the public health framework. Her current research investigates various aspects of the criminal justice system’s response to COVID-19.

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• IntroductionJames Byrne, Don Hummer, and Sabrina S. RapisardaGlobal Impact Assessment1. The Global Impact of the Pandemic on Institutional and Community Corrections: Assessing Short-Term Crisis Management and Long-Term Change StrategiesKathryn M. Nowonty and Alex R. Piquero2. Commentary: Assessing the Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Prison PopulationsCatherine Heard3. An Imperfect Storm: Identifying the Root Causes of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the World’s Largest Corrections SystemsJames Byrne, Sabrina S. Rapisarda, Don Hummer, and Kimberly R. KrasAfrica Regional Overview and Reports from Kenya and South Africa4. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in African Prisons and JailsSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne5. The Silver Lining in the Covid-19 Cloud: An Appraisal of Accelerated Prison Decongestion in KenyaMercy Deche and Conrad Bosire6. The Social and Environmental Implications of the Novel Coronavirus on Institutional and Community Corrections in South AfricaKimberly R. Kras and Lincoln FitzAsia Regional Overview and Reports from China, South Korea, Pakistan, India, and the Philippines7. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails Throughout AsiaSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne8. Correctional System’s Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Implications for Prison Reform in ChinaSpencer D. Li and Tzu-Hsuan Liu9. Lock Unlock: The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Security in Pakistani and Indian PrisonsJared R. Dmello and Sheetal Ranjan10. National Responses for Persons Deprived of Liberty during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the PhilippinesMichael B. Cahapay11. South Korea’s Responses regarding Mitigating the COVID-19 Crisis behind BarsClaire Seungeun LeeLatin and South America Regional Overview and Reports from Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, And Honduras12. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in South American Prisons and JailsSabrina S. Rapisarda, James M. Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo13. The Brazilian Penitentiary System under the Threat of COVID-19Ludmila Ribeiro and Alexandre M. A. Diniz14. Assessing the Effects of COVID-19 in Prisons in the Northern Triangle of Central AmericaWayne J. Pitts and Christopher S. Inkpen15. Responding to COVID-19 in Latin American Prisons: The Cases of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and MexicoLina Marmolejo, Daniela Barberi, Marcelo Bergman, Olga Espinoza, and Gustavo Fondevila16. Women Providing and Men Free Riding: Work, Visits and Gender Roles in Mexican PrisonsCarolina Agoff, Sveinung Sandberg, and Gustavo FondevilaEurope Regional Overview and Reports from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Russia, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom17. The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the Prisons, Jails, and Community Corrections Systems Throughout EuropeSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne18. The Impact of Covid-19 on Prisons and Penal Policy in GermanyFrieder Dünkel19. Fears of COVID-19 Contagion and the Italian Prison System ResponseApril Pattavina and Michael J. Palmieri20. An Examination of The Romanian Prison System During The COVID-19 pandemic. Are "Zero Cases" Possible?Ioan Durnescu and Ioana Morar21. The Penitentiary System of Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Challenge and Initial ResultsSergei Ovchinnikov22. Corrections and Crime in Spain and Portugal during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact, Prevention and Lessons for the FutureSantiago Redondo, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, Javier Nistal, Carlos Soler, José Semedo Moreira, Joana Andrade, and Antonio Andrés-Pueyo23. Telematic Control and Semi-Freedom as a Response to the Pandemic: The Spanish Penitentiary System ExperienceEsther Montero Perez de Tudela24. Sweden’s Response to the COVID-19 OutbreakMaria Lindström, Emma Ahlstrand, and Jenny Kärrholm25. Responses Taken to Mitigate COVID-19 in Prisons in England and WalesPauline K. BrennanNorth America Regional Overview and Reports from USA and Canada26. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in North America, Central America, and the CaribbeanSabrina S. Rapisarda, James Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo27. Institutional Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in American PrisonsMeghan A. Novisky, Chelsey S. Narvey, and Daniel C. Semenza28. United States Bureau of Prisons’ Response to the COVID-19 PandemicDon Hummer29. Adaptations to COVID-19 in Community Corrections Agencies across the United StatesJill Viglione, Lucas M. Alward, Ashley Lockwood, and Sara Bryson30. The Response to the COVID19 Crisis by the Pennsylvania Department of CorrectionsJohn E. Wetzel and Janeen M. Davis31. A Case Study of the Westchester County New York’s Jail Response to COVID-19: Controlling COVID while Balancing Service Needs for the Incarcerated-A National Model for JailsKimberly Collica-Cox and Louis Molina32. British Columbia Provincial Corrections’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Correctional Policy and PracticeDanielle J. Murdoch33. Management of COVID-19 for Persons with Mental Illness in Secure Units: A Rapid International Review to Inform Practice in QuébecAshley J. Lemieux, Audrey-Anne Dumais Michaud, Jean Damasse, Julie-Katia Morin-Major, To Nhu Nguyen, Alain Lesage, and Anne G. CrockerOceania Regional Overview and Reports from Australia and New Zealand34. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in OceaniaSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne35. COVID-19 and Corrections in Australia: A Summary Review of the Available Data and LiteratureJason L. Payne and Natalia Hanley36. "We Must Go Hard and We Must Go Early": How New Zealand Halted Coronavirus in the Community and CorrectionsLaura J. Murray and Kimberly R. Kras

James M. Byrne is Professor in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and Director of the Global Community Corrections Initiative (www.glob.cci.org). His edited texts include The Social Ecology of Crime (1986), Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of Intermediate Sanctions (1994), The New Technology of Crime, Law and Social Control (2007), and The Culture of Prison Violence (2008).Don Hummer is Associate Professor in the School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg. His research focuses on corrections policy, violence, and the implications of technological advances for justice system actors. He is co-editor of The Culture of Prison Violence (2008) and Handbook of Police Administration (2008).Sabrina S. Rapisarda is doctoral student in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Much of Sabrina’s work has been anchored in the public health framework. Her current research investigates various aspects of the criminal justice system’s response to COVID-19.

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• IntroductionJames Byrne, Don Hummer, and Sabrina S. RapisardaGlobal Impact Assessment1. The Global Impact of the Pandemic on Institutional and Community Corrections: Assessing Short-Term Crisis Management and Long-Term Change StrategiesKathryn M. Nowonty and Alex R. Piquero2. Commentary: Assessing the Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Prison PopulationsCatherine Heard3. An Imperfect Storm: Identifying the Root Causes of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the World’s Largest Corrections SystemsJames Byrne, Sabrina S. Rapisarda, Don Hummer, and Kimberly R. KrasAfrica Regional Overview and Reports from Kenya and South Africa4. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in African Prisons and JailsSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne5. The Silver Lining in the Covid-19 Cloud: An Appraisal of Accelerated Prison Decongestion in KenyaMercy Deche and Conrad Bosire6. The Social and Environmental Implications of the Novel Coronavirus on Institutional and Community Corrections in South AfricaKimberly R. Kras and Lincoln FitzAsia Regional Overview and Reports from China, South Korea, Pakistan, India, and the Philippines7. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails Throughout AsiaSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne8. Correctional System’s Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Implications for Prison Reform in ChinaSpencer D. Li and Tzu-Hsuan Liu9. Lock Unlock: The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Security in Pakistani and Indian PrisonsJared R. Dmello and Sheetal Ranjan10. National Responses for Persons Deprived of Liberty during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the PhilippinesMichael B. Cahapay11. South Korea’s Responses regarding Mitigating the COVID-19 Crisis behind BarsClaire Seungeun LeeLatin and South America Regional Overview and Reports from Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, And Honduras12. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in South American Prisons and JailsSabrina S. Rapisarda, James M. Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo13. The Brazilian Penitentiary System under the Threat of COVID-19Ludmila Ribeiro and Alexandre M. A. Diniz14. Assessing the Effects of COVID-19 in Prisons in the Northern Triangle of Central AmericaWayne J. Pitts and Christopher S. Inkpen15. Responding to COVID-19 in Latin American Prisons: The Cases of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and MexicoLina Marmolejo, Daniela Barberi, Marcelo Bergman, Olga Espinoza, and Gustavo Fondevila16. Women Providing and Men Free Riding: Work, Visits and Gender Roles in Mexican PrisonsCarolina Agoff, Sveinung Sandberg, and Gustavo FondevilaEurope Regional Overview and Reports from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Russia, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom17. The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the Prisons, Jails, and Community Corrections Systems Throughout EuropeSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne18. The Impact of Covid-19 on Prisons and Penal Policy in GermanyFrieder Dünkel19. Fears of COVID-19 Contagion and the Italian Prison System ResponseApril Pattavina and Michael J. Palmieri20. An Examination of The Romanian Prison System During The COVID-19 pandemic. Are "Zero Cases" Possible?Ioan Durnescu and Ioana Morar21. The Penitentiary System of Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Challenge and Initial ResultsSergei Ovchinnikov22. Corrections and Crime in Spain and Portugal during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact, Prevention and Lessons for the FutureSantiago Redondo, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, Javier Nistal, Carlos Soler, José Semedo Moreira, Joana Andrade, and Antonio Andrés-Pueyo23. Telematic Control and Semi-Freedom as a Response to the Pandemic: The Spanish Penitentiary System ExperienceEsther Montero Perez de Tudela24. Sweden’s Response to the COVID-19 OutbreakMaria Lindström, Emma Ahlstrand, and Jenny Kärrholm25. Responses Taken to Mitigate COVID-19 in Prisons in England and WalesPauline K. BrennanNorth America Regional Overview and Reports from USA and Canada26. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in North America, Central America, and the CaribbeanSabrina S. Rapisarda, James Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo27. Institutional Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in American PrisonsMeghan A. Novisky, Chelsey S. Narvey, and Daniel C. Semenza28. United States Bureau of Prisons’ Response to the COVID-19 PandemicDon Hummer29. Adaptations to COVID-19 in Community Corrections Agencies across the United StatesJill Viglione, Lucas M. Alward, Ashley Lockwood, and Sara Bryson30. The Response to the COVID19 Crisis by the Pennsylvania Department of CorrectionsJohn E. Wetzel and Janeen M. Davis31. A Case Study of the Westchester County New York’s Jail Response to COVID-19: Controlling COVID while Balancing Service Needs for the Incarcerated-A National Model for JailsKimberly Collica-Cox and Louis Molina32. British Columbia Provincial Corrections’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Correctional Policy and PracticeDanielle J. Murdoch33. Management of COVID-19 for Persons with Mental Illness in Secure Units: A Rapid International Review to Inform Practice in QuébecAshley J. Lemieux, Audrey-Anne Dumais Michaud, Jean Damasse, Julie-Katia Morin-Major, To Nhu Nguyen, Alain Lesage, and Anne G. CrockerOceania Regional Overview and Reports from Australia and New Zealand34. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in OceaniaSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne35. COVID-19 and Corrections in Australia: A Summary Review of the Available Data and LiteratureJason L. Payne and Natalia Hanley36. "We Must Go Hard and We Must Go Early": How New Zealand Halted Coronavirus in the Community and CorrectionsLaura J. Murray and Kimberly R. Kras

James M. Byrne is Professor in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, and Director of the Global Community Corrections Initiative (www.glob.cci.org). His edited texts include The Social Ecology of Crime (1986), Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of Intermediate Sanctions (1994), The New Technology of Crime, Law and Social Control (2007), and The Culture of Prison Violence (2008).Don Hummer is Associate Professor in the School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg. His research focuses on corrections policy, violence, and the implications of technological advances for justice system actors. He is co-editor of The Culture of Prison Violence (2008) and Handbook of Police Administration (2008).Sabrina S. Rapisarda is doctoral student in the School of Criminology and Justice Studies at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Much of Sabrina’s work has been anchored in the public health framework. Her current research investigates various aspects of the criminal justice system’s response to COVID-19.

Select Guide Rating

• IntroductionJames Byrne, Don Hummer, and Sabrina S. RapisardaGlobal Impact Assessment1. The Global Impact of the Pandemic on Institutional and Community Corrections: Assessing Short-Term Crisis Management and Long-Term Change StrategiesKathryn M. Nowonty and Alex R. Piquero2. Commentary: Assessing the Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Prison PopulationsCatherine Heard3. An Imperfect Storm: Identifying the Root Causes of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the World’s Largest Corrections SystemsJames Byrne, Sabrina S. Rapisarda, Don Hummer, and Kimberly R. KrasAfrica Regional Overview and Reports from Kenya and South Africa4. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in African Prisons and JailsSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne5. The Silver Lining in the Covid-19 Cloud: An Appraisal of Accelerated Prison Decongestion in KenyaMercy Deche and Conrad Bosire6. The Social and Environmental Implications of the Novel Coronavirus on Institutional and Community Corrections in South AfricaKimberly R. Kras and Lincoln FitzAsia Regional Overview and Reports from China, South Korea, Pakistan, India, and the Philippines7. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails Throughout AsiaSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne8. Correctional System’s Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Implications for Prison Reform in ChinaSpencer D. Li and Tzu-Hsuan Liu9. Lock Unlock: The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Security in Pakistani and Indian PrisonsJared R. Dmello and Sheetal Ranjan10. National Responses for Persons Deprived of Liberty during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the PhilippinesMichael B. Cahapay11. South Korea’s Responses regarding Mitigating the COVID-19 Crisis behind BarsClaire Seungeun LeeLatin and South America Regional Overview and Reports from Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Brazil, El Salvador, Guatemala, And Honduras12. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in South American Prisons and JailsSabrina S. Rapisarda, James M. Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo13. The Brazilian Penitentiary System under the Threat of COVID-19Ludmila Ribeiro and Alexandre M. A. Diniz14. Assessing the Effects of COVID-19 in Prisons in the Northern Triangle of Central AmericaWayne J. Pitts and Christopher S. Inkpen15. Responding to COVID-19 in Latin American Prisons: The Cases of Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and MexicoLina Marmolejo, Daniela Barberi, Marcelo Bergman, Olga Espinoza, and Gustavo Fondevila16. Women Providing and Men Free Riding: Work, Visits and Gender Roles in Mexican PrisonsCarolina Agoff, Sveinung Sandberg, and Gustavo FondevilaEurope Regional Overview and Reports from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Russia, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom17. The Impact of COVID-19 Outbreaks in the Prisons, Jails, and Community Corrections Systems Throughout EuropeSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne18. The Impact of Covid-19 on Prisons and Penal Policy in GermanyFrieder Dünkel19. Fears of COVID-19 Contagion and the Italian Prison System ResponseApril Pattavina and Michael J. Palmieri20. An Examination of The Romanian Prison System During The COVID-19 pandemic. Are "Zero Cases" Possible?Ioan Durnescu and Ioana Morar21. The Penitentiary System of Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Challenge and Initial ResultsSergei Ovchinnikov22. Corrections and Crime in Spain and Portugal during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact, Prevention and Lessons for the FutureSantiago Redondo, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, Javier Nistal, Carlos Soler, José Semedo Moreira, Joana Andrade, and Antonio Andrés-Pueyo23. Telematic Control and Semi-Freedom as a Response to the Pandemic: The Spanish Penitentiary System ExperienceEsther Montero Perez de Tudela24. Sweden’s Response to the COVID-19 OutbreakMaria Lindström, Emma Ahlstrand, and Jenny Kärrholm25. Responses Taken to Mitigate COVID-19 in Prisons in England and WalesPauline K. BrennanNorth America Regional Overview and Reports from USA and Canada26. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in North America, Central America, and the CaribbeanSabrina S. Rapisarda, James Byrne, and Lina Marmolejo27. Institutional Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in American PrisonsMeghan A. Novisky, Chelsey S. Narvey, and Daniel C. Semenza28. United States Bureau of Prisons’ Response to the COVID-19 PandemicDon Hummer29. Adaptations to COVID-19 in Community Corrections Agencies across the United StatesJill Viglione, Lucas M. Alward, Ashley Lockwood, and Sara Bryson30. The Response to the COVID19 Crisis by the Pennsylvania Department of CorrectionsJohn E. Wetzel and Janeen M. Davis31. A Case Study of the Westchester County New York’s Jail Response to COVID-19: Controlling COVID while Balancing Service Needs for the Incarcerated-A National Model for JailsKimberly Collica-Cox and Louis Molina32. British Columbia Provincial Corrections’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Correctional Policy and PracticeDanielle J. Murdoch33. Management of COVID-19 for Persons with Mental Illness in Secure Units: A Rapid International Review to Inform Practice in QuébecAshley J. Lemieux, Audrey-Anne Dumais Michaud, Jean Damasse, Julie-Katia Morin-Major, To Nhu Nguyen, Alain Lesage, and Anne G. CrockerOceania Regional Overview and Reports from Australia and New Zealand34. An Examination of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Prisons and Jails in OceaniaSabrina S. Rapisarda and James M. Byrne35. COVID-19 and Corrections in Australia: A Summary Review of the Available Data and LiteratureJason L. Payne and Natalia Hanley36. "We Must Go Hard and We Must Go Early": How New Zealand Halted Coronavirus in the Community and CorrectionsLaura J. Murray and Kimberly R. Kras