Joanne Shattock is Emeritus Professor in the School of English at the University of Leicester, UK

• Volume 3. Authorship, Journalism and the Nineteenth-Century PressGeneral introductionVolume 3 introductionFurther ReadingPart 1. The Literary Profession Headnote1.1 The 1830s and 1840s: the argument for professionalisation1. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Literature Considered as a Profession’, New Monthly Magazine 32 (September 1831), 227-232. 2. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Proposals for a Literary Union’, New Monthly Magazine 35 (November 1832), 418-422. 3. ‘Authorship as a Profession’, The London Saturday Journal’, 9 January 1841. 20-1. 4. ‘The Position of Literary Men’, Chambers’s Journal, 5 July 1845. 10-11. 5. W. M. Thackeray, ‘A brother of the press on the history of a literary man, Laman Blanchard, and the chances of the literary profession, in a letter to the Reverend Francis Sylvester at Rome, from Michael Angelo Titmarsh, Esq.’, Fraser’s Magazine 33 (March 1846), 332-335, 342.6. [G. H. Lewes], ‘The Condition of Authors in England, Germany and France’, Fraser’s Magazine 35 (March 1847), 285-290, 293-295.1.2 The ‘Dignity of Literature’ debate 7. W. M. Thackeray, ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Morning Chronicle 12 January 1850, 4. 8. [John Forster], ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Examiner, 19 January 1850, 35. 9. [Charles Dickens], ‘The Guild of Literature and Art’, Household Words 10 May 1851, 145-147. 1.3 The Professional Writer from mid-century 10. [anon], ‘The Profession of Literature’, Westminster Review 58 n.s. 2 (October 1852), 511-515, 518-519, 524-527. 11. [Alexander Innes Shand,], ‘The Outlying Professions’ , Blackwood’s Magazine 136 (November 1884), 589-590. 12. Walter Besant, ‘Literature as a Career’, Review of Reviews (September 1892), 258. 13. G. Herbert Thring, ‘The Society of Authors’, appendix to Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), pp. 322-325.14. ‘Literature as a Pursuit and as a Profession’, Saturday Review 18 November 1899, 640-641. Part 2. Periodical Writers and Periodical WritingHeadnote 2.1 The Expansion of the Periodical Press 15. [William Hazlitt], ‘The Periodical Press’, Edinburgh Review 38 (May 1823), 349-350, 358-359, 377-8. 16. [James Mill], ‘Periodical Literature: Edinburgh Review I’, Westminster Review 1 (January 1824), 206-2011.17. ‘Claims of Periodical Writers to Participate in the Benefits of ‘The Literary Fund’, Hood’s Magazine 6, 2 (August 1846), 161-164.18. ‘Periodical Writing’, Saturday Review 12 February 1859, 180-181. 19. ‘Mr Sala on Life in London’, Saturday Review 3 December 1859, 676-677.20. ‘The Gradations of Periodical Literature’, The London Review of Politics, Society, Literature, Art and Science 13, 24 November 1866, 567-568.21. ‘Periodical Writers’, Saturday Review 25 April 1868. 543-544. 2.2 The Higher Journalism 22. Walter Bagehot, ‘The First Edinburgh Reviewers’, National Review 1 (October 1855), 253-257, 271-273, 275-276.23. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 661-662. 24. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature III. Magazine Writers’, Blackwood’s Magazine 125 (February 1879), 241-243.Part 3. The Profession of JournalismHeadnote3.1 An Emerging Profession25. ‘English Journalism’, Fraser’s Magazine 34 (December 1846), 632-640. 26. [James Hannay], ‘A New Type of Journalist’, Pall Mall Gazette, 18 February 1865, 6. 27. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 646-652.28. [Margaret Oliphant] ‘The Old Saloon. The Literature of the Last Fifty Years’, Blackwood’s Magazine 141 (June 1887), 761.3.2 The 1880s and after29. H. R. Fox Bourne, English Newspapers. Chapters in the History of Journalism, 2 vols. (London: Chatto and Windus, 1887), vol. 2. pp. 371-376. 30. ‘An Old Journalist’, ‘In Correspondence: The Institute of Journalists’, National Review 20 (October 1892), 274-278. 31. Henri Blowitz, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Contemporary Review 63 (January 1893), 37-46. 32. ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Review of Reviews July 1894, 44.33. Fred Wilson, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Westminster Review 146 (October 1896), 433-436.34. William Newton Shansfield, ‘Journalism as a Profession: A Rejoinder’, Westminster Review 146 (December 1896), 686-688. 35. Arthur Shadwell, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, National Review 31 (August 1898), 845-855. 36. ‘A Veteran Journalist’ [Sidney J. Low], ‘Journalism as a Career: A Reply to "Journalism as a Profession"’, National Review 32 (October 1898), 211-219. 37. ‘Is Journalism a Career for Men over Forty?’, The Bookman (January 1899), 105-109; Charles A. Cooper, The Bookman (February 1899), p. 131 and Charles Russell, The Bookman (March 1899), p. 167. Part 4. The Fourth Estate: The Power of the PressHeadnote38. [Gibbons Merle], ‘Journalism’, Westminster Review 18 (January 1833), 195-196, 198-203, 205-206. 39. [W. R. Greg], ‘The Newspaper Press’, Edinburgh Review 102 (October 1855), 470, 477-485, 487-489, 491-492, 496-498. 40. [E. S. Dallas], ‘Popular Literature – the Periodical Press’, Blackwood’s Magazine 85 (January 1859), 100-107. 41. [Fitzjames Stephen], ‘Journalism’, Cornhill Magazine 6 (July 1862), 52-57, 60-62. 42. W. T. Stead, ‘Government by Journalism’, Contemporary Review 49 (May 1886), 653-658, 660-666, 669-671, 673-674. 43. W. T. Stead, ‘The Future of Journalism’, Contemporary Review 50 (November 1886), 663-666, 668-672, 675-679. Part 5. Anonymity Headnote44. ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Saturday Review 20 (November 1858), 499-500. 45. Thomas Hughes, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Macmillan’s Magazine 5 (December 1861), 157-168. 46. Anthony Trollope, ‘On Anonymous Literature’, Fortnightly Review 1 (1 July 1865), 491-498. 47. J. Boyd Kinnear, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Contemporary Review 5 (July 1867), 324-332, 337-339. 48. John Morley, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Fortnightly Review 8 o.s.2 n.s. (September 1867), 289-292.49. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part I’, New Review 1 (November 1889), 522-524.50. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part II. Concl’. New Review, 2 (March 1890), 272-274. Part 6. Newspaper Writers Headnote 51. Arnot Reid, ‘Twenty-Four Hours in a Newspaper Office’, Nineteenth Century 21 (March 1887), 452-459. 52. Michael MacDonagh, ‘A Night in the Reporters’ Gallery’, Nineteenth Century 37 (March 1895), 516-523, 525-526. 53. [William Scott], ‘Our Own Correspondent’, Saturday Review 17 (November 1855), 44-46. 57. ‘The Special Correspondent’, Saturday Review (10 Sept 1870), 325-326. 55. G. A. Sala, ‘The Special Correspondent: His Life and Crimes’, Belgravia: A London Magazine 4 (April 1871), 214-222.56. ‘The Special Staff’, Chambers’s Journal of Literature, Science and Art (11 January 1873), 17-20. 54. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 655-660. 58. W. F. Butler, W. F., ‘The War Campaign and the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 37 (March 1878,) 398-401.59. ‘The Rise and Fall of the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 90 (August 1904), 301-310. Part 7. The New Journalism Headnote60. Theodore Child, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Fortnightly Review 44 o.s. 38 n.s. (December 1885), 828-839. 61. T. P. O’Connor, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 1 (October 1889), 423-434. 62. Edward Delille, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Nineteenth Century 32 (July 1892), 13-17, 19-28. 63. Evelyn March Phillipps, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 13 (August 1895), 182-189. 64. Elizabeth L. Banks, ‘American "Yellow Journalism"’, Nineteenth Century 44 (August 1898), 328-340. 65. ‘Journalism Then and Now’, Saturday Review 8 (April 1905), 447-448.Part 8. Women journalistsHeadnote66. [Charlotte O’Connor Eccles], ‘The Experiences of a Woman Journalist’, Blackwood’s Magazine 153 (June 1893), 830-838. 67. Emily Crawford, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Contemporary Review 64 (September1893), 362-371. 68. Mrs Oliphant, ‘Things in General’, Atalanta (August 1894), 732-734. 69. Mrs Belloc Lowndes, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Leisure Hour (December 1901), 121-127. 70. ‘The Woman Journalist’, The Academy and Literature 27 September 1902, 309-310. 71. Arnold E. Bennett, Journalism for Women. A Practical Guide (London: John Lane. The Bodley Head, 1898), 54-55, 57-59, 69-77, 97-8]. Part 9. Guides to Authorship and JournalismHeadnote72. John Oldcastle, Journals and Journalism: With a Guide for Literary Beginners (London: Field and Tuer, 1880), 39-42, 44-45, 54-58. 73. E. P. Davies, The Reporter’s Hand-Book and, Vade Mecum. With Appendix. By a Reporter (London: Guilbert Pitman, S. W. Partridge, 1884), revised by T. A. Reed, n.d., iii-iv, 7-8, 73-74, 7974. John Dawson, Practical Journalism. How to Enter Thereon and Succeed (London: Upcott Gill, 1885) Originally published in The Bazaar, 1884, 2-5, 46-49.75. A. Arthur Reade, Literary Success: being a Guide to Practical Journalism (London: Wyman & Sons, 1885), 104-105, 111-112, 132-133, 135-136.76. S. Squire Sprigge, Methods of Publishing (Society of Authors. London: Henry Glaisher, 1890), 10-15.77. Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), v-viii, 20-25, 238-241.

Joanne Shattock is Emeritus Professor in the School of English at the University of Leicester, UK

• Volume 3. Authorship, Journalism and the Nineteenth-Century PressGeneral introductionVolume 3 introductionFurther ReadingPart 1. The Literary Profession Headnote1.1 The 1830s and 1840s: the argument for professionalisation1. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Literature Considered as a Profession’, New Monthly Magazine 32 (September 1831), 227-232. 2. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Proposals for a Literary Union’, New Monthly Magazine 35 (November 1832), 418-422. 3. ‘Authorship as a Profession’, The London Saturday Journal’, 9 January 1841. 20-1. 4. ‘The Position of Literary Men’, Chambers’s Journal, 5 July 1845. 10-11. 5. W. M. Thackeray, ‘A brother of the press on the history of a literary man, Laman Blanchard, and the chances of the literary profession, in a letter to the Reverend Francis Sylvester at Rome, from Michael Angelo Titmarsh, Esq.’, Fraser’s Magazine 33 (March 1846), 332-335, 342.6. [G. H. Lewes], ‘The Condition of Authors in England, Germany and France’, Fraser’s Magazine 35 (March 1847), 285-290, 293-295.1.2 The ‘Dignity of Literature’ debate 7. W. M. Thackeray, ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Morning Chronicle 12 January 1850, 4. 8. [John Forster], ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Examiner, 19 January 1850, 35. 9. [Charles Dickens], ‘The Guild of Literature and Art’, Household Words 10 May 1851, 145-147. 1.3 The Professional Writer from mid-century 10. [anon], ‘The Profession of Literature’, Westminster Review 58 n.s. 2 (October 1852), 511-515, 518-519, 524-527. 11. [Alexander Innes Shand,], ‘The Outlying Professions’ , Blackwood’s Magazine 136 (November 1884), 589-590. 12. Walter Besant, ‘Literature as a Career’, Review of Reviews (September 1892), 258. 13. G. Herbert Thring, ‘The Society of Authors’, appendix to Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), pp. 322-325.14. ‘Literature as a Pursuit and as a Profession’, Saturday Review 18 November 1899, 640-641. Part 2. Periodical Writers and Periodical WritingHeadnote 2.1 The Expansion of the Periodical Press 15. [William Hazlitt], ‘The Periodical Press’, Edinburgh Review 38 (May 1823), 349-350, 358-359, 377-8. 16. [James Mill], ‘Periodical Literature: Edinburgh Review I’, Westminster Review 1 (January 1824), 206-2011.17. ‘Claims of Periodical Writers to Participate in the Benefits of ‘The Literary Fund’, Hood’s Magazine 6, 2 (August 1846), 161-164.18. ‘Periodical Writing’, Saturday Review 12 February 1859, 180-181. 19. ‘Mr Sala on Life in London’, Saturday Review 3 December 1859, 676-677.20. ‘The Gradations of Periodical Literature’, The London Review of Politics, Society, Literature, Art and Science 13, 24 November 1866, 567-568.21. ‘Periodical Writers’, Saturday Review 25 April 1868. 543-544. 2.2 The Higher Journalism 22. Walter Bagehot, ‘The First Edinburgh Reviewers’, National Review 1 (October 1855), 253-257, 271-273, 275-276.23. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 661-662. 24. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature III. Magazine Writers’, Blackwood’s Magazine 125 (February 1879), 241-243.Part 3. The Profession of JournalismHeadnote3.1 An Emerging Profession25. ‘English Journalism’, Fraser’s Magazine 34 (December 1846), 632-640. 26. [James Hannay], ‘A New Type of Journalist’, Pall Mall Gazette, 18 February 1865, 6. 27. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 646-652.28. [Margaret Oliphant] ‘The Old Saloon. The Literature of the Last Fifty Years’, Blackwood’s Magazine 141 (June 1887), 761.3.2 The 1880s and after29. H. R. Fox Bourne, English Newspapers. Chapters in the History of Journalism, 2 vols. (London: Chatto and Windus, 1887), vol. 2. pp. 371-376. 30. ‘An Old Journalist’, ‘In Correspondence: The Institute of Journalists’, National Review 20 (October 1892), 274-278. 31. Henri Blowitz, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Contemporary Review 63 (January 1893), 37-46. 32. ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Review of Reviews July 1894, 44.33. Fred Wilson, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Westminster Review 146 (October 1896), 433-436.34. William Newton Shansfield, ‘Journalism as a Profession: A Rejoinder’, Westminster Review 146 (December 1896), 686-688. 35. Arthur Shadwell, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, National Review 31 (August 1898), 845-855. 36. ‘A Veteran Journalist’ [Sidney J. Low], ‘Journalism as a Career: A Reply to "Journalism as a Profession"’, National Review 32 (October 1898), 211-219. 37. ‘Is Journalism a Career for Men over Forty?’, The Bookman (January 1899), 105-109; Charles A. Cooper, The Bookman (February 1899), p. 131 and Charles Russell, The Bookman (March 1899), p. 167. Part 4. The Fourth Estate: The Power of the PressHeadnote38. [Gibbons Merle], ‘Journalism’, Westminster Review 18 (January 1833), 195-196, 198-203, 205-206. 39. [W. R. Greg], ‘The Newspaper Press’, Edinburgh Review 102 (October 1855), 470, 477-485, 487-489, 491-492, 496-498. 40. [E. S. Dallas], ‘Popular Literature – the Periodical Press’, Blackwood’s Magazine 85 (January 1859), 100-107. 41. [Fitzjames Stephen], ‘Journalism’, Cornhill Magazine 6 (July 1862), 52-57, 60-62. 42. W. T. Stead, ‘Government by Journalism’, Contemporary Review 49 (May 1886), 653-658, 660-666, 669-671, 673-674. 43. W. T. Stead, ‘The Future of Journalism’, Contemporary Review 50 (November 1886), 663-666, 668-672, 675-679. Part 5. Anonymity Headnote44. ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Saturday Review 20 (November 1858), 499-500. 45. Thomas Hughes, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Macmillan’s Magazine 5 (December 1861), 157-168. 46. Anthony Trollope, ‘On Anonymous Literature’, Fortnightly Review 1 (1 July 1865), 491-498. 47. J. Boyd Kinnear, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Contemporary Review 5 (July 1867), 324-332, 337-339. 48. John Morley, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Fortnightly Review 8 o.s.2 n.s. (September 1867), 289-292.49. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part I’, New Review 1 (November 1889), 522-524.50. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part II. Concl’. New Review, 2 (March 1890), 272-274. Part 6. Newspaper Writers Headnote 51. Arnot Reid, ‘Twenty-Four Hours in a Newspaper Office’, Nineteenth Century 21 (March 1887), 452-459. 52. Michael MacDonagh, ‘A Night in the Reporters’ Gallery’, Nineteenth Century 37 (March 1895), 516-523, 525-526. 53. [William Scott], ‘Our Own Correspondent’, Saturday Review 17 (November 1855), 44-46. 57. ‘The Special Correspondent’, Saturday Review (10 Sept 1870), 325-326. 55. G. A. Sala, ‘The Special Correspondent: His Life and Crimes’, Belgravia: A London Magazine 4 (April 1871), 214-222.56. ‘The Special Staff’, Chambers’s Journal of Literature, Science and Art (11 January 1873), 17-20. 54. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 655-660. 58. W. F. Butler, W. F., ‘The War Campaign and the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 37 (March 1878,) 398-401.59. ‘The Rise and Fall of the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 90 (August 1904), 301-310. Part 7. The New Journalism Headnote60. Theodore Child, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Fortnightly Review 44 o.s. 38 n.s. (December 1885), 828-839. 61. T. P. O’Connor, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 1 (October 1889), 423-434. 62. Edward Delille, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Nineteenth Century 32 (July 1892), 13-17, 19-28. 63. Evelyn March Phillipps, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 13 (August 1895), 182-189. 64. Elizabeth L. Banks, ‘American "Yellow Journalism"’, Nineteenth Century 44 (August 1898), 328-340. 65. ‘Journalism Then and Now’, Saturday Review 8 (April 1905), 447-448.Part 8. Women journalistsHeadnote66. [Charlotte O’Connor Eccles], ‘The Experiences of a Woman Journalist’, Blackwood’s Magazine 153 (June 1893), 830-838. 67. Emily Crawford, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Contemporary Review 64 (September1893), 362-371. 68. Mrs Oliphant, ‘Things in General’, Atalanta (August 1894), 732-734. 69. Mrs Belloc Lowndes, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Leisure Hour (December 1901), 121-127. 70. ‘The Woman Journalist’, The Academy and Literature 27 September 1902, 309-310. 71. Arnold E. Bennett, Journalism for Women. A Practical Guide (London: John Lane. The Bodley Head, 1898), 54-55, 57-59, 69-77, 97-8]. Part 9. Guides to Authorship and JournalismHeadnote72. John Oldcastle, Journals and Journalism: With a Guide for Literary Beginners (London: Field and Tuer, 1880), 39-42, 44-45, 54-58. 73. E. P. Davies, The Reporter’s Hand-Book and, Vade Mecum. With Appendix. By a Reporter (London: Guilbert Pitman, S. W. Partridge, 1884), revised by T. A. Reed, n.d., iii-iv, 7-8, 73-74, 7974. John Dawson, Practical Journalism. How to Enter Thereon and Succeed (London: Upcott Gill, 1885) Originally published in The Bazaar, 1884, 2-5, 46-49.75. A. Arthur Reade, Literary Success: being a Guide to Practical Journalism (London: Wyman & Sons, 1885), 104-105, 111-112, 132-133, 135-136.76. S. Squire Sprigge, Methods of Publishing (Society of Authors. London: Henry Glaisher, 1890), 10-15.77. Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), v-viii, 20-25, 238-241.

Joanne Shattock is Emeritus Professor in the School of English at the University of Leicester, UK

• Volume 3. Authorship, Journalism and the Nineteenth-Century PressGeneral introductionVolume 3 introductionFurther ReadingPart 1. The Literary Profession Headnote1.1 The 1830s and 1840s: the argument for professionalisation1. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Literature Considered as a Profession’, New Monthly Magazine 32 (September 1831), 227-232. 2. [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], ‘Proposals for a Literary Union’, New Monthly Magazine 35 (November 1832), 418-422. 3. ‘Authorship as a Profession’, The London Saturday Journal’, 9 January 1841. 20-1. 4. ‘The Position of Literary Men’, Chambers’s Journal, 5 July 1845. 10-11. 5. W. M. Thackeray, ‘A brother of the press on the history of a literary man, Laman Blanchard, and the chances of the literary profession, in a letter to the Reverend Francis Sylvester at Rome, from Michael Angelo Titmarsh, Esq.’, Fraser’s Magazine 33 (March 1846), 332-335, 342.6. [G. H. Lewes], ‘The Condition of Authors in England, Germany and France’, Fraser’s Magazine 35 (March 1847), 285-290, 293-295.1.2 The ‘Dignity of Literature’ debate 7. W. M. Thackeray, ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Morning Chronicle 12 January 1850, 4. 8. [John Forster], ‘The Dignity of Literature’, Examiner, 19 January 1850, 35. 9. [Charles Dickens], ‘The Guild of Literature and Art’, Household Words 10 May 1851, 145-147. 1.3 The Professional Writer from mid-century 10. [anon], ‘The Profession of Literature’, Westminster Review 58 n.s. 2 (October 1852), 511-515, 518-519, 524-527. 11. [Alexander Innes Shand,], ‘The Outlying Professions’ , Blackwood’s Magazine 136 (November 1884), 589-590. 12. Walter Besant, ‘Literature as a Career’, Review of Reviews (September 1892), 258. 13. G. Herbert Thring, ‘The Society of Authors’, appendix to Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), pp. 322-325.14. ‘Literature as a Pursuit and as a Profession’, Saturday Review 18 November 1899, 640-641. Part 2. Periodical Writers and Periodical WritingHeadnote 2.1 The Expansion of the Periodical Press 15. [William Hazlitt], ‘The Periodical Press’, Edinburgh Review 38 (May 1823), 349-350, 358-359, 377-8. 16. [James Mill], ‘Periodical Literature: Edinburgh Review I’, Westminster Review 1 (January 1824), 206-2011.17. ‘Claims of Periodical Writers to Participate in the Benefits of ‘The Literary Fund’, Hood’s Magazine 6, 2 (August 1846), 161-164.18. ‘Periodical Writing’, Saturday Review 12 February 1859, 180-181. 19. ‘Mr Sala on Life in London’, Saturday Review 3 December 1859, 676-677.20. ‘The Gradations of Periodical Literature’, The London Review of Politics, Society, Literature, Art and Science 13, 24 November 1866, 567-568.21. ‘Periodical Writers’, Saturday Review 25 April 1868. 543-544. 2.2 The Higher Journalism 22. Walter Bagehot, ‘The First Edinburgh Reviewers’, National Review 1 (October 1855), 253-257, 271-273, 275-276.23. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 661-662. 24. Alexander Innes Shand, ‘Contemporary Literature III. Magazine Writers’, Blackwood’s Magazine 125 (February 1879), 241-243.Part 3. The Profession of JournalismHeadnote3.1 An Emerging Profession25. ‘English Journalism’, Fraser’s Magazine 34 (December 1846), 632-640. 26. [James Hannay], ‘A New Type of Journalist’, Pall Mall Gazette, 18 February 1865, 6. 27. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 646-652.28. [Margaret Oliphant] ‘The Old Saloon. The Literature of the Last Fifty Years’, Blackwood’s Magazine 141 (June 1887), 761.3.2 The 1880s and after29. H. R. Fox Bourne, English Newspapers. Chapters in the History of Journalism, 2 vols. (London: Chatto and Windus, 1887), vol. 2. pp. 371-376. 30. ‘An Old Journalist’, ‘In Correspondence: The Institute of Journalists’, National Review 20 (October 1892), 274-278. 31. Henri Blowitz, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Contemporary Review 63 (January 1893), 37-46. 32. ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Review of Reviews July 1894, 44.33. Fred Wilson, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, Westminster Review 146 (October 1896), 433-436.34. William Newton Shansfield, ‘Journalism as a Profession: A Rejoinder’, Westminster Review 146 (December 1896), 686-688. 35. Arthur Shadwell, ‘Journalism as a Profession’, National Review 31 (August 1898), 845-855. 36. ‘A Veteran Journalist’ [Sidney J. Low], ‘Journalism as a Career: A Reply to "Journalism as a Profession"’, National Review 32 (October 1898), 211-219. 37. ‘Is Journalism a Career for Men over Forty?’, The Bookman (January 1899), 105-109; Charles A. Cooper, The Bookman (February 1899), p. 131 and Charles Russell, The Bookman (March 1899), p. 167. Part 4. The Fourth Estate: The Power of the PressHeadnote38. [Gibbons Merle], ‘Journalism’, Westminster Review 18 (January 1833), 195-196, 198-203, 205-206. 39. [W. R. Greg], ‘The Newspaper Press’, Edinburgh Review 102 (October 1855), 470, 477-485, 487-489, 491-492, 496-498. 40. [E. S. Dallas], ‘Popular Literature – the Periodical Press’, Blackwood’s Magazine 85 (January 1859), 100-107. 41. [Fitzjames Stephen], ‘Journalism’, Cornhill Magazine 6 (July 1862), 52-57, 60-62. 42. W. T. Stead, ‘Government by Journalism’, Contemporary Review 49 (May 1886), 653-658, 660-666, 669-671, 673-674. 43. W. T. Stead, ‘The Future of Journalism’, Contemporary Review 50 (November 1886), 663-666, 668-672, 675-679. Part 5. Anonymity Headnote44. ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Saturday Review 20 (November 1858), 499-500. 45. Thomas Hughes, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Macmillan’s Magazine 5 (December 1861), 157-168. 46. Anthony Trollope, ‘On Anonymous Literature’, Fortnightly Review 1 (1 July 1865), 491-498. 47. J. Boyd Kinnear, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Contemporary Review 5 (July 1867), 324-332, 337-339. 48. John Morley, ‘Anonymous Journalism’, Fortnightly Review 8 o.s.2 n.s. (September 1867), 289-292.49. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part I’, New Review 1 (November 1889), 522-524.50. [Tighe Hopkins], ‘Anonymity? Part II. Concl’. New Review, 2 (March 1890), 272-274. Part 6. Newspaper Writers Headnote 51. Arnot Reid, ‘Twenty-Four Hours in a Newspaper Office’, Nineteenth Century 21 (March 1887), 452-459. 52. Michael MacDonagh, ‘A Night in the Reporters’ Gallery’, Nineteenth Century 37 (March 1895), 516-523, 525-526. 53. [William Scott], ‘Our Own Correspondent’, Saturday Review 17 (November 1855), 44-46. 57. ‘The Special Correspondent’, Saturday Review (10 Sept 1870), 325-326. 55. G. A. Sala, ‘The Special Correspondent: His Life and Crimes’, Belgravia: A London Magazine 4 (April 1871), 214-222.56. ‘The Special Staff’, Chambers’s Journal of Literature, Science and Art (11 January 1873), 17-20. 54. [Alexander Innes Shand], ‘Contemporary Literature 1. Journalists’, Blackwood’s Magazine 124 (December 1878), 655-660. 58. W. F. Butler, W. F., ‘The War Campaign and the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 37 (March 1878,) 398-401.59. ‘The Rise and Fall of the War Correspondent’, Macmillan’s Magazine 90 (August 1904), 301-310. Part 7. The New Journalism Headnote60. Theodore Child, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Fortnightly Review 44 o.s. 38 n.s. (December 1885), 828-839. 61. T. P. O’Connor, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 1 (October 1889), 423-434. 62. Edward Delille, ‘The American Newspaper Press’, Nineteenth Century 32 (July 1892), 13-17, 19-28. 63. Evelyn March Phillipps, ‘The New Journalism’, New Review 13 (August 1895), 182-189. 64. Elizabeth L. Banks, ‘American "Yellow Journalism"’, Nineteenth Century 44 (August 1898), 328-340. 65. ‘Journalism Then and Now’, Saturday Review 8 (April 1905), 447-448.Part 8. Women journalistsHeadnote66. [Charlotte O’Connor Eccles], ‘The Experiences of a Woman Journalist’, Blackwood’s Magazine 153 (June 1893), 830-838. 67. Emily Crawford, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Contemporary Review 64 (September1893), 362-371. 68. Mrs Oliphant, ‘Things in General’, Atalanta (August 1894), 732-734. 69. Mrs Belloc Lowndes, ‘Journalism as a Profession for Women’, Leisure Hour (December 1901), 121-127. 70. ‘The Woman Journalist’, The Academy and Literature 27 September 1902, 309-310. 71. Arnold E. Bennett, Journalism for Women. A Practical Guide (London: John Lane. The Bodley Head, 1898), 54-55, 57-59, 69-77, 97-8]. Part 9. Guides to Authorship and JournalismHeadnote72. John Oldcastle, Journals and Journalism: With a Guide for Literary Beginners (London: Field and Tuer, 1880), 39-42, 44-45, 54-58. 73. E. P. Davies, The Reporter’s Hand-Book and, Vade Mecum. With Appendix. By a Reporter (London: Guilbert Pitman, S. W. Partridge, 1884), revised by T. A. Reed, n.d., iii-iv, 7-8, 73-74, 7974. John Dawson, Practical Journalism. How to Enter Thereon and Succeed (London: Upcott Gill, 1885) Originally published in The Bazaar, 1884, 2-5, 46-49.75. A. Arthur Reade, Literary Success: being a Guide to Practical Journalism (London: Wyman & Sons, 1885), 104-105, 111-112, 132-133, 135-136.76. S. Squire Sprigge, Methods of Publishing (Society of Authors. London: Henry Glaisher, 1890), 10-15.77. Walter Besant, The Pen and the Book (London: Thomas Burleigh, 1899), v-viii, 20-25, 238-241.