Hideki Maruyama is an Associate Professor of Faculty of Global Studies at Sophia University and a research fellow of National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) of the Japanese Government. His main research is education for sustainability and sustainable development (ESD), and his publications in Japan are The Possibility of Non-Formal Education (2013), Non-Formal Education of Transnational Immigrants (2016), and Comparative and International Education (2019). He has been studying lifelong learning of Muslim immigrants in Europe and educational programs of the UNESCO network in Europe and Asia. He has taught comparative and international education, non-formal education and informal learning, education policy and international cooperation, and sustainable development at many universities.

• List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: Dynamics and Analysis from Non-formal Education (Hideki MARUYAMA & Miyuki OHTA) Part 1: Dynamics of Non-formal Education Chapter 1: Recognition of NFE in Japanese Strong Formal School System (Hideki MARUYAMA) Chapter 2: Equivalent to Formal Education or Rethinking Education through a Lens of Non-Formal Education: Case Studies of Equivalency Programs in Asia (Chiho OHASHI & Abid Hussain ABID) Chapter 3: Adult Education Focusing on Literacy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Models in Brasilia (Kimiko NII) Chapter 4: Alternative Education by Homeschooling in the USA (Tülay KAYA) Chapter 5: School for Their Own: Experiences of Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Japan and European Countries (Reiko MIHARA) Part 2: Width and Depth of Non-formal Education Chapter 6: Lifelong Learning and Evaluation Process for Sustainable Futures (Hideki MARUYAMA & Aki YONEHARA) Chapter 7: Non-formal Education for Social Work in Faith-based and Religious Organizations (Reiko MIHARA) Chapter 8: Pedagogy for Gender and Sexual Diversity (Miyuki OHTA) Chapter 9: Non-Formal Education for Life, Survival and Living Together (Chiho OHASHI) Chapter 10: Educational Settings for the Locality (Miyuki OHTA) Index

Hideki Maruyama is an Associate Professor of Faculty of Global Studies at Sophia University and a research fellow of National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) of the Japanese Government. His main research is education for sustainability and sustainable development (ESD), and his publications in Japan are The Possibility of Non-Formal Education (2013), Non-Formal Education of Transnational Immigrants (2016), and Comparative and International Education (2019). He has been studying lifelong learning of Muslim immigrants in Europe and educational programs of the UNESCO network in Europe and Asia. He has taught comparative and international education, non-formal education and informal learning, education policy and international cooperation, and sustainable development at many universities.

• List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: Dynamics and Analysis from Non-formal Education (Hideki MARUYAMA & Miyuki OHTA) Part 1: Dynamics of Non-formal Education Chapter 1: Recognition of NFE in Japanese Strong Formal School System (Hideki MARUYAMA) Chapter 2: Equivalent to Formal Education or Rethinking Education through a Lens of Non-Formal Education: Case Studies of Equivalency Programs in Asia (Chiho OHASHI & Abid Hussain ABID) Chapter 3: Adult Education Focusing on Literacy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Models in Brasilia (Kimiko NII) Chapter 4: Alternative Education by Homeschooling in the USA (Tülay KAYA) Chapter 5: School for Their Own: Experiences of Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Japan and European Countries (Reiko MIHARA) Part 2: Width and Depth of Non-formal Education Chapter 6: Lifelong Learning and Evaluation Process for Sustainable Futures (Hideki MARUYAMA & Aki YONEHARA) Chapter 7: Non-formal Education for Social Work in Faith-based and Religious Organizations (Reiko MIHARA) Chapter 8: Pedagogy for Gender and Sexual Diversity (Miyuki OHTA) Chapter 9: Non-Formal Education for Life, Survival and Living Together (Chiho OHASHI) Chapter 10: Educational Settings for the Locality (Miyuki OHTA) Index

Hideki Maruyama is an Associate Professor of Faculty of Global Studies at Sophia University and a research fellow of National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) of the Japanese Government. His main research is education for sustainability and sustainable development (ESD), and his publications in Japan are The Possibility of Non-Formal Education (2013), Non-Formal Education of Transnational Immigrants (2016), and Comparative and International Education (2019). He has been studying lifelong learning of Muslim immigrants in Europe and educational programs of the UNESCO network in Europe and Asia. He has taught comparative and international education, non-formal education and informal learning, education policy and international cooperation, and sustainable development at many universities.

• List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction: Dynamics and Analysis from Non-formal Education (Hideki MARUYAMA & Miyuki OHTA) Part 1: Dynamics of Non-formal Education Chapter 1: Recognition of NFE in Japanese Strong Formal School System (Hideki MARUYAMA) Chapter 2: Equivalent to Formal Education or Rethinking Education through a Lens of Non-Formal Education: Case Studies of Equivalency Programs in Asia (Chiho OHASHI & Abid Hussain ABID) Chapter 3: Adult Education Focusing on Literacy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Models in Brasilia (Kimiko NII) Chapter 4: Alternative Education by Homeschooling in the USA (Tülay KAYA) Chapter 5: School for Their Own: Experiences of Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Japan and European Countries (Reiko MIHARA) Part 2: Width and Depth of Non-formal Education Chapter 6: Lifelong Learning and Evaluation Process for Sustainable Futures (Hideki MARUYAMA & Aki YONEHARA) Chapter 7: Non-formal Education for Social Work in Faith-based and Religious Organizations (Reiko MIHARA) Chapter 8: Pedagogy for Gender and Sexual Diversity (Miyuki OHTA) Chapter 9: Non-Formal Education for Life, Survival and Living Together (Chiho OHASHI) Chapter 10: Educational Settings for the Locality (Miyuki OHTA) Index