Handbook on Inequalities in Sentencing and Corrections among Marginalized Populations

Eileen M. Ahlin is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice in the School of Public Affairs at Penn State Harrisburg. Her research uses an ecological framework to study violence. Using a multi-pronged, holistic approach, she seeks to identify policies and practices that address risk and protective factors among informal and formal social controls such as neighborhoods, correctional facilities, and alternatives to incarceration. Dr. Ahlin is a 2016 W.E.B. Du Bois Fellow of the National Institute of Justice. She is author or co-author of several books and edited volumes, including Youth Violence in Context: An Ecological Routine Activity Framework (2022), Taking Problem-Solving Courts to Scale: Diverse Applications of the Specialty Court Model (2021), and Living with Violence (2023).Ojmarrh Mitchell is an Associate Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Arizona State University. Professor Mitchell earned his PhD in Criminology and Criminal Justice from the University of Maryland with a doctoral minor in Measurement, Statistics, and Evaluation. His research interests center on criminal justice policy, particularly in the areas of drug control, sentencing and corrections, and racial fairness in the criminal justice system. More broadly, Dr. Mitchell studies the effectiveness and fairness of criminal justice sanctions. His research has appeared in many criminology journals including Criminology & Public Policy, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, Justice Quarterly, and Journal of Experimental Criminology.Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk is Associate Professor and Associate Director in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida Atlantic University. Her research interests span both institutional and community corrections with an emphasis on contemporary issues in corrections, including the reentry and reintegration of individuals returning to the community from incarceration. Dr. Atkin-Plunk examines evidence-based practices and conducts program and policy evaluations to identify what works in corrections. Her research is largely community-based, and she won the 2018 FAU Presidential Award for Outstanding Community-Engaged Research. Her research has been published in Justice Quarterly, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Journal of Criminal Justice, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Criminal Justice Policy Review, and Journal of Offender Rehabilitation.

• IntroductionEileen M. Ahlin, Ojmarrh Mitchell, and Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk Homeless Defendants in Felony Court: Cumulative Case Outcomes and Institutional BiasKatharine Brown and Ojmarrh Mitchell Equity in Jeopardy: How Flawed Immigration Policy Creates Double Punishments for Non-Citizen Service Members and VeteransAnne Douds and Kyle Troeger What an Examination of Previously Untested Sexual Assault Kits Tell us about the Patterns of Victimization and Case Outcomes for Black Women and GirlsRachel E. Lovell, Adrianne M. Crawford Fletcher, Danielle Sabo, Laura Overman, and Daniel J. Flannery Racial Bias and Amelioration Strategies for Juvenile Risk AssessmentLeah Butler, Zachary Hamilton, Amber Krushas, Alex Kigerl, and Melissa Kowalski The Debate and Concerns of Risk Assessment with Historically Marginalized PopulationsAdam Matz Justice-involved Populations with Disabilities: Examining Inequalities During Incarceration and ReentryKimberly D. Dodson and Joshua R. Ruffin "We, as Women, Focus on Relationships:" Women Jail Residents' Resource Attainment Efforts via Connections with Female Correctional OfficersLindsay Smith and Sydney Ingel Experiences of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals in Jail/Prison: Navigating TensionsL. Caitlin Kanewske, Angela Hattery, Danielle S. Rudes, Shannon Magnuson, and Zach Zaborowski Using Technology to Respond to the Safety, Housing, and Programming Challenges Associated with Transgender Inmates: Building a Research Program to Study the Effectiveness of Technology-Delivered ProgrammingJennifer L. Lanterman, M. Jennelle Goodwin, Marc Bello, and Morgan N. Bucy The Pains of Imprisonment through a Rainbow Lens: An Overview of the Marginalized Conditions of Incarceration for LGBTQ PersonsCalli Cain and Jared Ellison Incarcerated Indigenous and Native American PopulationsReneè Lamphere and Matthew Hassett Aging in Prison: Understanding Elderly Incarcerated PopulationsBeatriz Amalfi Marques, Stuti Kokkalera, and Michael Vaughn How COVID-19 Amplified Trauma and Marginalization among Carceral Populations: Using the Pandemic Experience to Rethink IncarcerationEileen Ahlin, Annie Bunce, and Anna Kotova