Richard McNeil-Willson is a research fellow in the field of terrorism and political violence at the Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA) at Leiden University, Netherlands and Visiting Scholar at King’s College, the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. His work critically examines the interconnections between groups labelled ‘extremist’ and counter-extremism legislation, as well as the impact of counterterrorism on democratic and human rights. He is also a former Max Weber research fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy, and holds a UK Research Council- funded PhD from the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, Exeter University. He has worked on several European Commission projects and has advised the European Commission directly in developing policy responses to far- right violence.Anna Triandafyllidou holds the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration at Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), Canada. Her interdisciplinary research focuses on the governance of migration and asylum; nationalism and identity issues; and overall, the contemporary challenges of migration and integration across different world regions. Her authored books include What is Europe? (with Ruby Gropas, Second Edition, Routledge, 2022), Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe (with E. Gemi, Routledge, 2021), Migrant Smuggling (with T. Maroukis, McMillan, 2012), and Immigrants and National Identity in Europe (Routledge 2001). She recently edited a volume on Migration and Pandemics (Springer, 2022). Her recent journal publications have appeared in Comparative Migration Studies (2021, 2022), Environment and Planning A: Economy and Society (2022), Ethnicities (2022), International Migration (2021), the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (2022), and Nations and Nationalism (2020).

• Part I: Core Issues on Violent Extremism and Resilience 1. Violent Extremism and Resilience in the 21st Century 2. Assessing our Understanding of (Violent) Extremism 3. Resilience to Violent Extremism at the Crossroads 4. European Trends in Polarisation and Resilience 5. Young People, Radicalisation, and Resilience 6. Online Extremism and Resilience Part II: Country Cases Western Europe 7. France 8. United Kingdom Northern Europe 9. The Netherlands 10. Norway Central and Eastern Europe 11. Germany 12. Hungary 13. Poland Southern Europe 14. Italy 15. Greece Australasia and North America 16. Australia 17. New Zealand 18. Canada 19. United States of America

Richard McNeil-Willson is a research fellow in the field of terrorism and political violence at the Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA) at Leiden University, Netherlands and Visiting Scholar at King’s College, the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. His work critically examines the interconnections between groups labelled ‘extremist’ and counter-extremism legislation, as well as the impact of counterterrorism on democratic and human rights. He is also a former Max Weber research fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy, and holds a UK Research Council- funded PhD from the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, Exeter University. He has worked on several European Commission projects and has advised the European Commission directly in developing policy responses to far- right violence.Anna Triandafyllidou holds the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration at Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), Canada. Her interdisciplinary research focuses on the governance of migration and asylum; nationalism and identity issues; and overall, the contemporary challenges of migration and integration across different world regions. Her authored books include What is Europe? (with Ruby Gropas, Second Edition, Routledge, 2022), Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe (with E. Gemi, Routledge, 2021), Migrant Smuggling (with T. Maroukis, McMillan, 2012), and Immigrants and National Identity in Europe (Routledge 2001). She recently edited a volume on Migration and Pandemics (Springer, 2022). Her recent journal publications have appeared in Comparative Migration Studies (2021, 2022), Environment and Planning A: Economy and Society (2022), Ethnicities (2022), International Migration (2021), the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (2022), and Nations and Nationalism (2020).

• Part I: Core Issues on Violent Extremism and Resilience 1. Violent Extremism and Resilience in the 21st Century 2. Assessing our Understanding of (Violent) Extremism 3. Resilience to Violent Extremism at the Crossroads 4. European Trends in Polarisation and Resilience 5. Young People, Radicalisation, and Resilience 6. Online Extremism and Resilience Part II: Country Cases Western Europe 7. France 8. United Kingdom Northern Europe 9. The Netherlands 10. Norway Central and Eastern Europe 11. Germany 12. Hungary 13. Poland Southern Europe 14. Italy 15. Greece Australasia and North America 16. Australia 17. New Zealand 18. Canada 19. United States of America

Richard McNeil-Willson is a research fellow in the field of terrorism and political violence at the Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA) at Leiden University, Netherlands and Visiting Scholar at King’s College, the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. His work critically examines the interconnections between groups labelled ‘extremist’ and counter-extremism legislation, as well as the impact of counterterrorism on democratic and human rights. He is also a former Max Weber research fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy, and holds a UK Research Council- funded PhD from the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, Exeter University. He has worked on several European Commission projects and has advised the European Commission directly in developing policy responses to far- right violence.Anna Triandafyllidou holds the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration at Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University), Canada. Her interdisciplinary research focuses on the governance of migration and asylum; nationalism and identity issues; and overall, the contemporary challenges of migration and integration across different world regions. Her authored books include What is Europe? (with Ruby Gropas, Second Edition, Routledge, 2022), Migration and Return in Southeastern Europe (with E. Gemi, Routledge, 2021), Migrant Smuggling (with T. Maroukis, McMillan, 2012), and Immigrants and National Identity in Europe (Routledge 2001). She recently edited a volume on Migration and Pandemics (Springer, 2022). Her recent journal publications have appeared in Comparative Migration Studies (2021, 2022), Environment and Planning A: Economy and Society (2022), Ethnicities (2022), International Migration (2021), the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (2022), and Nations and Nationalism (2020).

• Part I: Core Issues on Violent Extremism and Resilience 1. Violent Extremism and Resilience in the 21st Century 2. Assessing our Understanding of (Violent) Extremism 3. Resilience to Violent Extremism at the Crossroads 4. European Trends in Polarisation and Resilience 5. Young People, Radicalisation, and Resilience 6. Online Extremism and Resilience Part II: Country Cases Western Europe 7. France 8. United Kingdom Northern Europe 9. The Netherlands 10. Norway Central and Eastern Europe 11. Germany 12. Hungary 13. Poland Southern Europe 14. Italy 15. Greece Australasia and North America 16. Australia 17. New Zealand 18. Canada 19. United States of America