Dr. Subhash Singh is currently working as associate professor in theDepartment of Mechanical and Automation, Indira Gandhi DelhiTechnical Univeristy for Women, New Delhi. Previously, he worked asassistant professor in the Department of Production and IndustrialEngineering, NIT Jamshedpur. He earned his B. Tech from KNIT,Sultanpur, 2003 and M. Tech from NIT Kurukshetra, 2007. Hecompleted his Ph.D. from IIT Roorkee in 2017. Dr. Singh specializes inareas such as modification of nano-materials, thin coating, fabrication ofMMCs, synthesis of 2-D materials, FSP, and machining of biodegradablematerials. He has published more than 30 research papers in variousprestigious journals. He has also authored one book and 20 book chapters.He has completed three research projects.Dr. Dinesh Kumar is currently working as an assistant professor in theDepartment of Production and Industrial Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur.He earned his B. Tech from Uttar Pradesh Technical University Lucknow(Now APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow) in 2009 andM. Tech from the Mechanical Engineering Department, MNNIT Allahabadin 2011. He completed his Ph.D. from IIT Roorkee in 2016. He haspublished more than nine research articles.

• Preface viiEditors ixContributors xi1 Introduction, History, and Origin of Composite Materials 1SUBHASH SINGH, MOHAMMAD UDDIN, AND CHANDER PRAKASH2 Intense Classification of Composite Materials 19SUBHASH SINGH AND SUNPREET SINGH3 Different Techniques for Designing andFabrication of Advanced Composite Materials 39SUBHASH SINGH, RAMA KANTI, AND VIKAS KUMAR4 Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Machiningof Advanced Materials 61MAMTA KUMARI, ASHOK KUMAR JHA, AND SUBHASH SINGH5 3-D Printing Processes for Biomedical Applications 77S. V. SATYA PRASAD, RAVI VERMA, S. B. PRASAD, AND SUBHASH SINGH6 Additive Manufacturing for Fabrication of Composites 101KUNDAN KUMAR, ASHISH DAS, AND SHASHI BHUSHAN PRASAD7 Fabrication of Shape-Memory Polymers 119S.V. SATYA PRASAD AND P. PRASANNA KUMARI8 Electrochemical Discharge Machining for HybridPolymer Matrix Composites 139GIRIJA NANDAN ARKA, SHASHI BHUSHAN PRASAD, AND SUBHASH SINGH9 Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Compositesfor Orthopaedic Application 159MD. MANZAR IQBAL, AMARESH KUMAR, AND SUBHASH SINGH10 Performance Evaluation and Characterizationof EDM While Machining of AISI202 UsingCu-Cr-Zr Electrode 177SUBHASH SINGH, RAJNEESH RAGHAV, GIRIJA N. ARKA,RAHUL S. MULIK, AND KAUSHIK PAL11 A Novel Method for Fabricating FunctionallyGraded Materials by Vibration-Assisted Casting 205DIVYANAND KUMAR, DINESH KUMAR, AND ANAND MUKUT TIGGA12 Processing of Composite Materials Using MicrowaveEnergy 223RADHA RAMAN MISHRA13 Hybrid Machining of Metal-Matrix Composites 235SAHIL SHARMA, FARHAN AHMAD SHAMIM, AKSHAY DVIVEDI,PRADEEP KUMAR, AND TARLOCHAN SINGH14 Parametric Study of Process Parameters on MRR inElectrical Discharge Machining of Cu-Based SMA 255RANJIT SINGH, RAVI PRATAP SINGH, AND RAJEEV TREHAN15 2-D Based Nanostructures and Their MachiningChallenges 267K. SANTHOSH KUMAR AND SUBHASH SINGHIndex 295

Dr. Subhash Singh is currently working as associate professor in theDepartment of Mechanical and Automation, Indira Gandhi DelhiTechnical Univeristy for Women, New Delhi. Previously, he worked asassistant professor in the Department of Production and IndustrialEngineering, NIT Jamshedpur. He earned his B. Tech from KNIT,Sultanpur, 2003 and M. Tech from NIT Kurukshetra, 2007. Hecompleted his Ph.D. from IIT Roorkee in 2017. Dr. Singh specializes inareas such as modification of nano-materials, thin coating, fabrication ofMMCs, synthesis of 2-D materials, FSP, and machining of biodegradablematerials. He has published more than 30 research papers in variousprestigious journals. He has also authored one book and 20 book chapters.He has completed three research projects.Dr. Dinesh Kumar is currently working as an assistant professor in theDepartment of Production and Industrial Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur.He earned his B. Tech from Uttar Pradesh Technical University Lucknow(Now APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow) in 2009 andM. Tech from the Mechanical Engineering Department, MNNIT Allahabadin 2011. He completed his Ph.D. from IIT Roorkee in 2016. He haspublished more than nine research articles.

• Preface viiEditors ixContributors xi1 Introduction, History, and Origin of Composite Materials 1SUBHASH SINGH, MOHAMMAD UDDIN, AND CHANDER PRAKASH2 Intense Classification of Composite Materials 19SUBHASH SINGH AND SUNPREET SINGH3 Different Techniques for Designing andFabrication of Advanced Composite Materials 39SUBHASH SINGH, RAMA KANTI, AND VIKAS KUMAR4 Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Machiningof Advanced Materials 61MAMTA KUMARI, ASHOK KUMAR JHA, AND SUBHASH SINGH5 3-D Printing Processes for Biomedical Applications 77S. V. SATYA PRASAD, RAVI VERMA, S. B. PRASAD, AND SUBHASH SINGH6 Additive Manufacturing for Fabrication of Composites 101KUNDAN KUMAR, ASHISH DAS, AND SHASHI BHUSHAN PRASAD7 Fabrication of Shape-Memory Polymers 119S.V. SATYA PRASAD AND P. PRASANNA KUMARI8 Electrochemical Discharge Machining for HybridPolymer Matrix Composites 139GIRIJA NANDAN ARKA, SHASHI BHUSHAN PRASAD, AND SUBHASH SINGH9 Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Compositesfor Orthopaedic Application 159MD. MANZAR IQBAL, AMARESH KUMAR, AND SUBHASH SINGH10 Performance Evaluation and Characterizationof EDM While Machining of AISI202 UsingCu-Cr-Zr Electrode 177SUBHASH SINGH, RAJNEESH RAGHAV, GIRIJA N. ARKA,RAHUL S. MULIK, AND KAUSHIK PAL11 A Novel Method for Fabricating FunctionallyGraded Materials by Vibration-Assisted Casting 205DIVYANAND KUMAR, DINESH KUMAR, AND ANAND MUKUT TIGGA12 Processing of Composite Materials Using MicrowaveEnergy 223RADHA RAMAN MISHRA13 Hybrid Machining of Metal-Matrix Composites 235SAHIL SHARMA, FARHAN AHMAD SHAMIM, AKSHAY DVIVEDI,PRADEEP KUMAR, AND TARLOCHAN SINGH14 Parametric Study of Process Parameters on MRR inElectrical Discharge Machining of Cu-Based SMA 255RANJIT SINGH, RAVI PRATAP SINGH, AND RAJEEV TREHAN15 2-D Based Nanostructures and Their MachiningChallenges 267K. SANTHOSH KUMAR AND SUBHASH SINGHIndex 295

Dr. Subhash Singh is currently working as associate professor in theDepartment of Mechanical and Automation, Indira Gandhi DelhiTechnical Univeristy for Women, New Delhi. Previously, he worked asassistant professor in the Department of Production and IndustrialEngineering, NIT Jamshedpur. He earned his B. Tech from KNIT,Sultanpur, 2003 and M. Tech from NIT Kurukshetra, 2007. Hecompleted his Ph.D. from IIT Roorkee in 2017. Dr. Singh specializes inareas such as modification of nano-materials, thin coating, fabrication ofMMCs, synthesis of 2-D materials, FSP, and machining of biodegradablematerials. He has published more than 30 research papers in variousprestigious journals. He has also authored one book and 20 book chapters.He has completed three research projects.Dr. Dinesh Kumar is currently working as an assistant professor in theDepartment of Production and Industrial Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur.He earned his B. Tech from Uttar Pradesh Technical University Lucknow(Now APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow) in 2009 andM. Tech from the Mechanical Engineering Department, MNNIT Allahabadin 2011. He completed his Ph.D. from IIT Roorkee in 2016. He haspublished more than nine research articles.

• Preface viiEditors ixContributors xi1 Introduction, History, and Origin of Composite Materials 1SUBHASH SINGH, MOHAMMAD UDDIN, AND CHANDER PRAKASH2 Intense Classification of Composite Materials 19SUBHASH SINGH AND SUNPREET SINGH3 Different Techniques for Designing andFabrication of Advanced Composite Materials 39SUBHASH SINGH, RAMA KANTI, AND VIKAS KUMAR4 Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Machiningof Advanced Materials 61MAMTA KUMARI, ASHOK KUMAR JHA, AND SUBHASH SINGH5 3-D Printing Processes for Biomedical Applications 77S. V. SATYA PRASAD, RAVI VERMA, S. B. PRASAD, AND SUBHASH SINGH6 Additive Manufacturing for Fabrication of Composites 101KUNDAN KUMAR, ASHISH DAS, AND SHASHI BHUSHAN PRASAD7 Fabrication of Shape-Memory Polymers 119S.V. SATYA PRASAD AND P. PRASANNA KUMARI8 Electrochemical Discharge Machining for HybridPolymer Matrix Composites 139GIRIJA NANDAN ARKA, SHASHI BHUSHAN PRASAD, AND SUBHASH SINGH9 Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Compositesfor Orthopaedic Application 159MD. MANZAR IQBAL, AMARESH KUMAR, AND SUBHASH SINGH10 Performance Evaluation and Characterizationof EDM While Machining of AISI202 UsingCu-Cr-Zr Electrode 177SUBHASH SINGH, RAJNEESH RAGHAV, GIRIJA N. ARKA,RAHUL S. MULIK, AND KAUSHIK PAL11 A Novel Method for Fabricating FunctionallyGraded Materials by Vibration-Assisted Casting 205DIVYANAND KUMAR, DINESH KUMAR, AND ANAND MUKUT TIGGA12 Processing of Composite Materials Using MicrowaveEnergy 223RADHA RAMAN MISHRA13 Hybrid Machining of Metal-Matrix Composites 235SAHIL SHARMA, FARHAN AHMAD SHAMIM, AKSHAY DVIVEDI,PRADEEP KUMAR, AND TARLOCHAN SINGH14 Parametric Study of Process Parameters on MRR inElectrical Discharge Machining of Cu-Based SMA 255RANJIT SINGH, RAVI PRATAP SINGH, AND RAJEEV TREHAN15 2-D Based Nanostructures and Their MachiningChallenges 267K. SANTHOSH KUMAR AND SUBHASH SINGHIndex 295