Dr. Yang Shanshan is the Deputy Group Manager of the Virtual Manufacturing Group at the Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre (ARTC), at A*STAR – Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. Her research focuses on data-driven sustainability, strategy planning for product End-of-Life disposition, reverse supply chain, and life cycle assessment and design. She is currently leading and working on platform solutions for connecting manufacturing, logistic, customer, and end-of-life data for improved supply chain optimization, sustainability evaluation, and decarbonization. Dr. Yang received her Ph.D. from the National University of Singapore (NUS) where she studied product design for Remanufacturing and Remanufacturability Assessment. During her Ph.D. study, she also spent one year at the Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) working on research projects on material selection for remanufacturing and End-of-Life (EOL) strategy planning. Dr. Shanshan has published over 10 papers and 2 books and has 482 citations.S. K. Ong is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the National University of Singapore. She is a Fellow of CIRP, The International Academy for Production Engineering. Her research interests are virtual and augmented reality applications in manufacturing, ubiquitous manufacturing, assistive technology, and rehabilitation engineering. She has published 8 books and papers in over 320 international refereed journals. She received the 2004 Eugene Merchant Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award from the US Society of Manufacturing Engineers. She has also received various other awards including the 2009 Emerging Leaders Award in Academia by the US Society for Women Engineers.A. Y. C. Nee is currently a Professor Emeritus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore. He received his Ph.D. and DEng from the University of Manchester in 1973 and 2002 respectively. He is a Fellow of CIRP, SME, and the Academy of Engineering Singapore. He was President of CIRP in 2012, and Gold Medal Recipient of SME in 2014. Awards include IEEE Kayamori Award (1999), Norman A Dudley Award, International Journal of Production Research (2003), Joseph Whitworth Prize, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (2009). Dr. Nee was elected Asia’s top 100 Scientist, Asian Scientist Magazine, 2016. His research interests include Tool, die, and fixture design, augmented reality applications, digital twin, and remanufacturing. He has published over 500 papers and 20 books with 20,200 citations._

• 1. Introduction. 2. Literature Review. 3. Early Design Stage. 4. End-of-Life Stage. 5. Integrative Solution Guide for Remanufacturing and Opportunities for Industry 4.0 to Support Remanufacturing.

Dr. Yang Shanshan is the Deputy Group Manager of the Virtual Manufacturing Group at the Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre (ARTC), at A*STAR – Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. Her research focuses on data-driven sustainability, strategy planning for product End-of-Life disposition, reverse supply chain, and life cycle assessment and design. She is currently leading and working on platform solutions for connecting manufacturing, logistic, customer, and end-of-life data for improved supply chain optimization, sustainability evaluation, and decarbonization. Dr. Yang received her Ph.D. from the National University of Singapore (NUS) where she studied product design for Remanufacturing and Remanufacturability Assessment. During her Ph.D. study, she also spent one year at the Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) working on research projects on material selection for remanufacturing and End-of-Life (EOL) strategy planning. Dr. Shanshan has published over 10 papers and 2 books and has 482 citations.S. K. Ong is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the National University of Singapore. She is a Fellow of CIRP, The International Academy for Production Engineering. Her research interests are virtual and augmented reality applications in manufacturing, ubiquitous manufacturing, assistive technology, and rehabilitation engineering. She has published 8 books and papers in over 320 international refereed journals. She received the 2004 Eugene Merchant Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award from the US Society of Manufacturing Engineers. She has also received various other awards including the 2009 Emerging Leaders Award in Academia by the US Society for Women Engineers.A. Y. C. Nee is currently a Professor Emeritus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore. He received his Ph.D. and DEng from the University of Manchester in 1973 and 2002 respectively. He is a Fellow of CIRP, SME, and the Academy of Engineering Singapore. He was President of CIRP in 2012, and Gold Medal Recipient of SME in 2014. Awards include IEEE Kayamori Award (1999), Norman A Dudley Award, International Journal of Production Research (2003), Joseph Whitworth Prize, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (2009). Dr. Nee was elected Asia’s top 100 Scientist, Asian Scientist Magazine, 2016. His research interests include Tool, die, and fixture design, augmented reality applications, digital twin, and remanufacturing. He has published over 500 papers and 20 books with 20,200 citations._

• 1. Introduction. 2. Literature Review. 3. Early Design Stage. 4. End-of-Life Stage. 5. Integrative Solution Guide for Remanufacturing and Opportunities for Industry 4.0 to Support Remanufacturing.

Dr. Yang Shanshan is the Deputy Group Manager of the Virtual Manufacturing Group at the Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre (ARTC), at A*STAR – Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. Her research focuses on data-driven sustainability, strategy planning for product End-of-Life disposition, reverse supply chain, and life cycle assessment and design. She is currently leading and working on platform solutions for connecting manufacturing, logistic, customer, and end-of-life data for improved supply chain optimization, sustainability evaluation, and decarbonization. Dr. Yang received her Ph.D. from the National University of Singapore (NUS) where she studied product design for Remanufacturing and Remanufacturability Assessment. During her Ph.D. study, she also spent one year at the Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) working on research projects on material selection for remanufacturing and End-of-Life (EOL) strategy planning. Dr. Shanshan has published over 10 papers and 2 books and has 482 citations.S. K. Ong is an Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the National University of Singapore. She is a Fellow of CIRP, The International Academy for Production Engineering. Her research interests are virtual and augmented reality applications in manufacturing, ubiquitous manufacturing, assistive technology, and rehabilitation engineering. She has published 8 books and papers in over 320 international refereed journals. She received the 2004 Eugene Merchant Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award from the US Society of Manufacturing Engineers. She has also received various other awards including the 2009 Emerging Leaders Award in Academia by the US Society for Women Engineers.A. Y. C. Nee is currently a Professor Emeritus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore. He received his Ph.D. and DEng from the University of Manchester in 1973 and 2002 respectively. He is a Fellow of CIRP, SME, and the Academy of Engineering Singapore. He was President of CIRP in 2012, and Gold Medal Recipient of SME in 2014. Awards include IEEE Kayamori Award (1999), Norman A Dudley Award, International Journal of Production Research (2003), Joseph Whitworth Prize, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (2009). Dr. Nee was elected Asia’s top 100 Scientist, Asian Scientist Magazine, 2016. His research interests include Tool, die, and fixture design, augmented reality applications, digital twin, and remanufacturing. He has published over 500 papers and 20 books with 20,200 citations._

• 1. Introduction. 2. Literature Review. 3. Early Design Stage. 4. End-of-Life Stage. 5. Integrative Solution Guide for Remanufacturing and Opportunities for Industry 4.0 to Support Remanufacturing.