Jinusha Panigrahi is Assistant Professor in the Centre for Policy Research in Higher Education at the National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi, India. She holds a Ph.D. degree in Economics of Education from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She is the Co-Chair Person (2018–21 and 2021–24) of the Economics and Finance Education – Special Interest Group, Comparative International Education Society, United States of America. She has several years of experience in teaching and research. Jinusha’s research work lies in the areas of economics of education, financing of higher education, internationalisation, privatisation and private higher education. She is the co-editor of ‘India Higher Education Report 2018 on Financing of Higher Education’ (2019) and ‘Financing of Higher Education: Traditional approaches and Innovative Strategies’ (2022).Jinusha is the recipient of the prestigious International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) Award by the United States Department of State, Washington, DC, in 2018 for ‘Furthering USA-India Relationships in Higher Education’. She is also the recipient of the Central European University (CEU) summer school scholarship on ‘Innovative Financing for Education: Arguments, Options and implications’ in Budapest, Hungary, in 2016.

• 1. Introduction 2. Financing of Higher Education 3. Issues of Access and Choice in the Stage of Massification 4. Policy Trending towards Loan Financing as an Alternative 5. Experimenting with Other Innovative Methods of Financing 6. Conclusion

Jinusha Panigrahi is Assistant Professor in the Centre for Policy Research in Higher Education at the National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi, India. She holds a Ph.D. degree in Economics of Education from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She is the Co-Chair Person (2018–21 and 2021–24) of the Economics and Finance Education – Special Interest Group, Comparative International Education Society, United States of America. She has several years of experience in teaching and research. Jinusha’s research work lies in the areas of economics of education, financing of higher education, internationalisation, privatisation and private higher education. She is the co-editor of ‘India Higher Education Report 2018 on Financing of Higher Education’ (2019) and ‘Financing of Higher Education: Traditional approaches and Innovative Strategies’ (2022).Jinusha is the recipient of the prestigious International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) Award by the United States Department of State, Washington, DC, in 2018 for ‘Furthering USA-India Relationships in Higher Education’. She is also the recipient of the Central European University (CEU) summer school scholarship on ‘Innovative Financing for Education: Arguments, Options and implications’ in Budapest, Hungary, in 2016.

• 1. Introduction 2. Financing of Higher Education 3. Issues of Access and Choice in the Stage of Massification 4. Policy Trending towards Loan Financing as an Alternative 5. Experimenting with Other Innovative Methods of Financing 6. Conclusion

Jinusha Panigrahi is Assistant Professor in the Centre for Policy Research in Higher Education at the National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi, India. She holds a Ph.D. degree in Economics of Education from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She is the Co-Chair Person (2018–21 and 2021–24) of the Economics and Finance Education – Special Interest Group, Comparative International Education Society, United States of America. She has several years of experience in teaching and research. Jinusha’s research work lies in the areas of economics of education, financing of higher education, internationalisation, privatisation and private higher education. She is the co-editor of ‘India Higher Education Report 2018 on Financing of Higher Education’ (2019) and ‘Financing of Higher Education: Traditional approaches and Innovative Strategies’ (2022).Jinusha is the recipient of the prestigious International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) Award by the United States Department of State, Washington, DC, in 2018 for ‘Furthering USA-India Relationships in Higher Education’. She is also the recipient of the Central European University (CEU) summer school scholarship on ‘Innovative Financing for Education: Arguments, Options and implications’ in Budapest, Hungary, in 2016.

• 1. Introduction 2. Financing of Higher Education 3. Issues of Access and Choice in the Stage of Massification 4. Policy Trending towards Loan Financing as an Alternative 5. Experimenting with Other Innovative Methods of Financing 6. Conclusion