Dongyu Li received the B.S. and Ph.D. degree from Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 2016 and 2020. He was a joint Ph.D. student with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore from 2017 to2019, and a research fellow with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, from 2019 to 2021. He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, China. His research interests include networked system cooperation, adaptive systems, and robotic control.Xiaomei Liu received the B.Sc. degree in automation from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree from National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2017. Her current research interests include cooperative control of multiagent systems, social robotics, deep learning, and computer vision.Qinglei Hu received the B.Eng. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree, with the specialization in guidance and control, in control science and engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, in 2006. From 2003 to 2014, he was with the Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, and then he joined Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2014, as a Full Professor. His current research interests include variable structure control and applications, and fault-tolerant control and applications.Shuzhi Sam Ge received the B.Sc. degree from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 1986 and the Ph.D. degree from the Imperial College London, London, U.K., in 1993. He is the Director of the Social Robotics Laboratory of Interactive Digital Media Institute, Singapore, and the Centre for Robotics, Chengdu, China, and a Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, on leave from the School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu. He has co-authored four books and over 300 international journal and conference papers. His current research interests include social robotics, adaptive control, intelligent systems, and artificial intelligence. Dr. Ge is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Social Robotics (Springer). He has served/been serving as an Associate Editor for a number of flagship journals, including IEEE Transactions on Automation Control, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, and Automatica. He serves as a Book Editor for the Taylor and Francis Automation and Control Engineering Series. He served as the Vice President for Technical Activities from 2009 to 2010 and Membership Activities from 2011 to 2012, and a member of the Board of Governors from 2007 to 2009 at the IEEE Control Systems Society. He is a fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control, the Institution of Engineering and Technology, and the Society of Automotive Engineering.

• 1. Introduction Part I Layered Affine Formation Control 2. Multi-Layer Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems 3. Layered Affine Formation Control of Networked Uncertain Systems: a Fully Distributed Framework over Directed Graphs 4. Cooperative Affine Circumnavigation of Networked Microsatellites 5. Fully Distributed Cooperative Affine Circumnavigation of Networked Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Part II Formation Control in Constrained Space 6. Formation Potential Field for Trajectory Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems in Constrained Space 7. Neural-Network-Based Switching Formation Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems with Uncertainties in Constrained Space 8. Event-Triggered Coordination for Formation Tracking Control in Constrained Space with Limited Communication 9. Vision-Based Leader-Follower Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems with Visibility Constraints 10. Conclusion

Dongyu Li received the B.S. and Ph.D. degree from Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 2016 and 2020. He was a joint Ph.D. student with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore from 2017 to2019, and a research fellow with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, from 2019 to 2021. He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, China. His research interests include networked system cooperation, adaptive systems, and robotic control.Xiaomei Liu received the B.Sc. degree in automation from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree from National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2017. Her current research interests include cooperative control of multiagent systems, social robotics, deep learning, and computer vision.Qinglei Hu received the B.Eng. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree, with the specialization in guidance and control, in control science and engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, in 2006. From 2003 to 2014, he was with the Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, and then he joined Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2014, as a Full Professor. His current research interests include variable structure control and applications, and fault-tolerant control and applications.Shuzhi Sam Ge received the B.Sc. degree from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 1986 and the Ph.D. degree from the Imperial College London, London, U.K., in 1993. He is the Director of the Social Robotics Laboratory of Interactive Digital Media Institute, Singapore, and the Centre for Robotics, Chengdu, China, and a Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, on leave from the School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu. He has co-authored four books and over 300 international journal and conference papers. His current research interests include social robotics, adaptive control, intelligent systems, and artificial intelligence. Dr. Ge is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Social Robotics (Springer). He has served/been serving as an Associate Editor for a number of flagship journals, including IEEE Transactions on Automation Control, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, and Automatica. He serves as a Book Editor for the Taylor and Francis Automation and Control Engineering Series. He served as the Vice President for Technical Activities from 2009 to 2010 and Membership Activities from 2011 to 2012, and a member of the Board of Governors from 2007 to 2009 at the IEEE Control Systems Society. He is a fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control, the Institution of Engineering and Technology, and the Society of Automotive Engineering.

• 1. Introduction Part I Layered Affine Formation Control 2. Multi-Layer Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems 3. Layered Affine Formation Control of Networked Uncertain Systems: a Fully Distributed Framework over Directed Graphs 4. Cooperative Affine Circumnavigation of Networked Microsatellites 5. Fully Distributed Cooperative Affine Circumnavigation of Networked Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Part II Formation Control in Constrained Space 6. Formation Potential Field for Trajectory Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems in Constrained Space 7. Neural-Network-Based Switching Formation Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems with Uncertainties in Constrained Space 8. Event-Triggered Coordination for Formation Tracking Control in Constrained Space with Limited Communication 9. Vision-Based Leader-Follower Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems with Visibility Constraints 10. Conclusion

Dongyu Li received the B.S. and Ph.D. degree from Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 2016 and 2020. He was a joint Ph.D. student with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore from 2017 to2019, and a research fellow with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, from 2019 to 2021. He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, China. His research interests include networked system cooperation, adaptive systems, and robotic control.Xiaomei Liu received the B.Sc. degree in automation from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 2013, and the Ph.D. degree from National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2017. Her current research interests include cooperative control of multiagent systems, social robotics, deep learning, and computer vision.Qinglei Hu received the B.Eng. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree, with the specialization in guidance and control, in control science and engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, in 2006. From 2003 to 2014, he was with the Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, and then he joined Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2014, as a Full Professor. His current research interests include variable structure control and applications, and fault-tolerant control and applications.Shuzhi Sam Ge received the B.Sc. degree from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 1986 and the Ph.D. degree from the Imperial College London, London, U.K., in 1993. He is the Director of the Social Robotics Laboratory of Interactive Digital Media Institute, Singapore, and the Centre for Robotics, Chengdu, China, and a Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, on leave from the School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu. He has co-authored four books and over 300 international journal and conference papers. His current research interests include social robotics, adaptive control, intelligent systems, and artificial intelligence. Dr. Ge is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Social Robotics (Springer). He has served/been serving as an Associate Editor for a number of flagship journals, including IEEE Transactions on Automation Control, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, and Automatica. He serves as a Book Editor for the Taylor and Francis Automation and Control Engineering Series. He served as the Vice President for Technical Activities from 2009 to 2010 and Membership Activities from 2011 to 2012, and a member of the Board of Governors from 2007 to 2009 at the IEEE Control Systems Society. He is a fellow of the International Federation of Automatic Control, the Institution of Engineering and Technology, and the Society of Automotive Engineering.

• 1. Introduction Part I Layered Affine Formation Control 2. Multi-Layer Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems 3. Layered Affine Formation Control of Networked Uncertain Systems: a Fully Distributed Framework over Directed Graphs 4. Cooperative Affine Circumnavigation of Networked Microsatellites 5. Fully Distributed Cooperative Affine Circumnavigation of Networked Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Part II Formation Control in Constrained Space 6. Formation Potential Field for Trajectory Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems in Constrained Space 7. Neural-Network-Based Switching Formation Tracking Control of Multi-Agent Systems with Uncertainties in Constrained Space 8. Event-Triggered Coordination for Formation Tracking Control in Constrained Space with Limited Communication 9. Vision-Based Leader-Follower Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems with Visibility Constraints 10. Conclusion