Howard M. Hensel is the Henry H. Arnold Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the USAF Air War College, USA. His previous books include Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2018), Naval Powers in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2018), and Air Power in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2020).

• Introduction PART I: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND POWER CONFIGURATIONS IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1. The Stable, Homogeneous Gulf, 1894–1914 2. From Stable Homogeneity Toward Unstable Heterogeneity in the Gulf, 1914–1979 3. The Unstable, Heterogeneous Gulf, 1979–2021 PART II: CONTEMPORARY SECURITY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA 4. The Interdependencies of the Energy and Defense Sectors Globally and among the Gulf Countries 5. Maritime Security and the Gulf 6. Islamism and Radical Islamism in the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula 7. The Domestic Consequences of Iraq’s Durable Political System 8. The War in Yemen 9. The Prospect of a Nuclear Iran 10. The COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic and its Impact in the Gulf PART III: THE CONTEMPORARY NATIONAL INTERESTS, OBJECTIVES, AND STRATEGIES OF THE MAJOR POWERS IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA 11. Iran 12. The United States 13. Great Britain and France 14. Russia 15. Sa‘udi Arabia Conclusion

Howard M. Hensel is the Henry H. Arnold Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the USAF Air War College, USA. His previous books include Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2018), Naval Powers in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2018), and Air Power in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2020).

• Introduction PART I: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND POWER CONFIGURATIONS IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1. The Stable, Homogeneous Gulf, 1894–1914 2. From Stable Homogeneity Toward Unstable Heterogeneity in the Gulf, 1914–1979 3. The Unstable, Heterogeneous Gulf, 1979–2021 PART II: CONTEMPORARY SECURITY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA 4. The Interdependencies of the Energy and Defense Sectors Globally and among the Gulf Countries 5. Maritime Security and the Gulf 6. Islamism and Radical Islamism in the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula 7. The Domestic Consequences of Iraq’s Durable Political System 8. The War in Yemen 9. The Prospect of a Nuclear Iran 10. The COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic and its Impact in the Gulf PART III: THE CONTEMPORARY NATIONAL INTERESTS, OBJECTIVES, AND STRATEGIES OF THE MAJOR POWERS IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA 11. Iran 12. The United States 13. Great Britain and France 14. Russia 15. Sa‘udi Arabia Conclusion

Howard M. Hensel is the Henry H. Arnold Professor of International Relations and Strategic Studies at the USAF Air War College, USA. His previous books include Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2018), Naval Powers in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2018), and Air Power in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific (2020).

• Introduction PART I: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND POWER CONFIGURATIONS IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT 1. The Stable, Homogeneous Gulf, 1894–1914 2. From Stable Homogeneity Toward Unstable Heterogeneity in the Gulf, 1914–1979 3. The Unstable, Heterogeneous Gulf, 1979–2021 PART II: CONTEMPORARY SECURITY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA 4. The Interdependencies of the Energy and Defense Sectors Globally and among the Gulf Countries 5. Maritime Security and the Gulf 6. Islamism and Radical Islamism in the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula 7. The Domestic Consequences of Iraq’s Durable Political System 8. The War in Yemen 9. The Prospect of a Nuclear Iran 10. The COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic and its Impact in the Gulf PART III: THE CONTEMPORARY NATIONAL INTERESTS, OBJECTIVES, AND STRATEGIES OF THE MAJOR POWERS IN THE GULF AND THE ARABIAN PENINSULA 11. Iran 12. The United States 13. Great Britain and France 14. Russia 15. Sa‘udi Arabia Conclusion