Tetsuro Iji is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Global and Regional Studies at Toyo University, Japan. His research interest has focused on international conflict resolution, negotiation, and mediation. He has published in the journals International Negotiation, International Peacekeeping, and Global Governance, among others. He is the author of Multiparty Mediation in Violent Conflict: Peacemaking Diplomacy in the Tajikistan Civil War (Routledge, 2019). After completing a B.A. at Sophia University in Tokyo, Iji received an M.A. in International Relations from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, and a Ph.D. in the same field from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).Siniša Vuković is Senior Lecturer of Conflict Management and Global Policy, and Director of the Master of Arts in Global Policy Program (MAGP) at Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Baltimore, USA. He is also Visiting Professor at Leiden University and Amsterdam University College, Netherlands. His research and teaching focuses on various forms of international conflict resolution, negotiation, and mediation. He has published in various academic journals and contributed to several edited volumes with book chapters. His book International Multiparty Mediation and Conflict Management (2017) was published by Routledge.

• Foreword PART 1 - Revisiting the "Ripeness" Debate 1. War-Making and Mediation in Civil Wars: Three Ideal Types of Third Parties and Ripeness Concepts 2. Elusive Settlements in Regional Conflict Complexes: Syria, Zartman, and the Limits of Ripeness Theory 3. Healing Stalemates: The Role of Ceasefires in Ripening Conflict 4. Muscular Mediation and Ripeness Theory 5. Ripeness in Negotiating with Proscribed Terrorist Groups 6. Expanding Ripeness Beyond Push and Pull: The Relevance of Mutually Enticing Opportunities (MEOs) Part 2 - Important Works on Ripeness 7. The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments 8. Battle Stalemates and Rebel Negotiation Attempts in Civil Wars 9. Sympathy for the Devil: When and How to Negotiate with Criminal Gangs—Case of El Salvador 10. When to Get Out of the Trench? Using Smart Pressure to Resolve Civil Wars

Tetsuro Iji is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Global and Regional Studies at Toyo University, Japan. His research interest has focused on international conflict resolution, negotiation, and mediation. He has published in the journals International Negotiation, International Peacekeeping, and Global Governance, among others. He is the author of Multiparty Mediation in Violent Conflict: Peacemaking Diplomacy in the Tajikistan Civil War (Routledge, 2019). After completing a B.A. at Sophia University in Tokyo, Iji received an M.A. in International Relations from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, and a Ph.D. in the same field from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).Siniša Vuković is Senior Lecturer of Conflict Management and Global Policy, and Director of the Master of Arts in Global Policy Program (MAGP) at Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Baltimore, USA. He is also Visiting Professor at Leiden University and Amsterdam University College, Netherlands. His research and teaching focuses on various forms of international conflict resolution, negotiation, and mediation. He has published in various academic journals and contributed to several edited volumes with book chapters. His book International Multiparty Mediation and Conflict Management (2017) was published by Routledge.

• Foreword PART 1 - Revisiting the "Ripeness" Debate 1. War-Making and Mediation in Civil Wars: Three Ideal Types of Third Parties and Ripeness Concepts 2. Elusive Settlements in Regional Conflict Complexes: Syria, Zartman, and the Limits of Ripeness Theory 3. Healing Stalemates: The Role of Ceasefires in Ripening Conflict 4. Muscular Mediation and Ripeness Theory 5. Ripeness in Negotiating with Proscribed Terrorist Groups 6. Expanding Ripeness Beyond Push and Pull: The Relevance of Mutually Enticing Opportunities (MEOs) Part 2 - Important Works on Ripeness 7. The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments 8. Battle Stalemates and Rebel Negotiation Attempts in Civil Wars 9. Sympathy for the Devil: When and How to Negotiate with Criminal Gangs—Case of El Salvador 10. When to Get Out of the Trench? Using Smart Pressure to Resolve Civil Wars

Tetsuro Iji is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Global and Regional Studies at Toyo University, Japan. His research interest has focused on international conflict resolution, negotiation, and mediation. He has published in the journals International Negotiation, International Peacekeeping, and Global Governance, among others. He is the author of Multiparty Mediation in Violent Conflict: Peacemaking Diplomacy in the Tajikistan Civil War (Routledge, 2019). After completing a B.A. at Sophia University in Tokyo, Iji received an M.A. in International Relations from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, and a Ph.D. in the same field from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).Siniša Vuković is Senior Lecturer of Conflict Management and Global Policy, and Director of the Master of Arts in Global Policy Program (MAGP) at Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Baltimore, USA. He is also Visiting Professor at Leiden University and Amsterdam University College, Netherlands. His research and teaching focuses on various forms of international conflict resolution, negotiation, and mediation. He has published in various academic journals and contributed to several edited volumes with book chapters. His book International Multiparty Mediation and Conflict Management (2017) was published by Routledge.

• Foreword PART 1 - Revisiting the "Ripeness" Debate 1. War-Making and Mediation in Civil Wars: Three Ideal Types of Third Parties and Ripeness Concepts 2. Elusive Settlements in Regional Conflict Complexes: Syria, Zartman, and the Limits of Ripeness Theory 3. Healing Stalemates: The Role of Ceasefires in Ripening Conflict 4. Muscular Mediation and Ripeness Theory 5. Ripeness in Negotiating with Proscribed Terrorist Groups 6. Expanding Ripeness Beyond Push and Pull: The Relevance of Mutually Enticing Opportunities (MEOs) Part 2 - Important Works on Ripeness 7. The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments 8. Battle Stalemates and Rebel Negotiation Attempts in Civil Wars 9. Sympathy for the Devil: When and How to Negotiate with Criminal Gangs—Case of El Salvador 10. When to Get Out of the Trench? Using Smart Pressure to Resolve Civil Wars