Witold Klaus is a Professor at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences (Head of the Department of Criminology and of the Migration Law Research Centre) and Research Fellow in the Centre of Migration Research at the University of Warsaw. He is a Lawyer, Criminologist, Migration Researcher, and NGO activist. He is a former Executive Secretary of the Polish Society of Criminology (2008-2018) and currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of the oldest Polish criminological journal, Archiwum Kryminologii [Archives of Criminology]. He held scholarships from the British Academy (UK), the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law (Germany), and the US government. His main areas of academic interest include refugee and immigrant rights, deportation studies, crimmigration, victimology, and victimisation of underserved groups in society. He is a member of the European Society of Criminology, where he coleads the Working Group of Immigration, Crime, and Citizenship.Irena Rzeplińska is a Criminologist and Lawyer. She is a Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS). She is an author of research on deviance, recidivists, self-report surveys, crime, and historical and contemporary crime policy. She is an author of the first criminological research and the first monograph on the crime of foreigners in Poland. Furthermore, in the last decade, she conducted research on youth crime with a focus on the past and present as well as life-course research of young criminals. She was the Principle Investigator of the project titled 'The Mechanisms Behind the Formation and Development of Criminal Careers', financed by the Polish National Science Centre. Her latest publications concern criminality at the time of COVID-19 in Poland as well as the death of the right to asylum in Poland (in the wake of the situation on the Polish-Belarusian border). Between 2004 and 2016, she was Vice-Director in the Institute of Law Studies of the PAS. Currently, she is Chair of the Editorial Committee of the oldest criminological journal in Poland–Archiwum Kryminologii [Archives of Criminology]– and President of the Polish Society of Criminology. She is a member of the Presidency of the Committee of Legal Sciences of the PAS.Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Policy at the Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialisation at the University of Warsaw and an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. She holds the position of Secretary of the Board of the Polish Society of Criminology and is a member of the European Society of Criminology and the Association for Legal Intervention. Her main areas of academic interest include victimology, deviant behaviours of juveniles and women, stalking, media coverage of crime, crimes perpetrated by foreigners, and judicial policy. Currently, she leads a project on juvenile delinquency and antisocial behaviours in contemporary Poland (funded by the National Science Centre, Poland).

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• Introduction Accessing information on criminal activity of individuals: Methodological aspects of our research on criminal careers Crime structure of former juvenile offenders during their adulthood: The transition generation and the millennial generation How long and how much? An empirical analysis of criminal activity over the life course of the subjects Different paths, different patterns: Typologies of criminal trajectories Women’s criminal careers No roots, no wings: Risk factors in the assessment of chronic offenders Snares and pains, or what stands in the path to desistance from crime

Witold Klaus is a Professor at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences (Head of the Department of Criminology and of the Migration Law Research Centre) and Research Fellow in the Centre of Migration Research at the University of Warsaw. He is a Lawyer, Criminologist, Migration Researcher, and NGO activist. He is a former Executive Secretary of the Polish Society of Criminology (2008-2018) and currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of the oldest Polish criminological journal, Archiwum Kryminologii [Archives of Criminology]. He held scholarships from the British Academy (UK), the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law (Germany), and the US government. His main areas of academic interest include refugee and immigrant rights, deportation studies, crimmigration, victimology, and victimisation of underserved groups in society. He is a member of the European Society of Criminology, where he coleads the Working Group of Immigration, Crime, and Citizenship.Irena Rzeplińska is a Criminologist and Lawyer. She is a Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS). She is an author of research on deviance, recidivists, self-report surveys, crime, and historical and contemporary crime policy. She is an author of the first criminological research and the first monograph on the crime of foreigners in Poland. Furthermore, in the last decade, she conducted research on youth crime with a focus on the past and present as well as life-course research of young criminals. She was the Principle Investigator of the project titled 'The Mechanisms Behind the Formation and Development of Criminal Careers', financed by the Polish National Science Centre. Her latest publications concern criminality at the time of COVID-19 in Poland as well as the death of the right to asylum in Poland (in the wake of the situation on the Polish-Belarusian border). Between 2004 and 2016, she was Vice-Director in the Institute of Law Studies of the PAS. Currently, she is Chair of the Editorial Committee of the oldest criminological journal in Poland–Archiwum Kryminologii [Archives of Criminology]– and President of the Polish Society of Criminology. She is a member of the Presidency of the Committee of Legal Sciences of the PAS.Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Policy at the Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialisation at the University of Warsaw and an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. She holds the position of Secretary of the Board of the Polish Society of Criminology and is a member of the European Society of Criminology and the Association for Legal Intervention. Her main areas of academic interest include victimology, deviant behaviours of juveniles and women, stalking, media coverage of crime, crimes perpetrated by foreigners, and judicial policy. Currently, she leads a project on juvenile delinquency and antisocial behaviours in contemporary Poland (funded by the National Science Centre, Poland).

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• Introduction Accessing information on criminal activity of individuals: Methodological aspects of our research on criminal careers Crime structure of former juvenile offenders during their adulthood: The transition generation and the millennial generation How long and how much? An empirical analysis of criminal activity over the life course of the subjects Different paths, different patterns: Typologies of criminal trajectories Women’s criminal careers No roots, no wings: Risk factors in the assessment of chronic offenders Snares and pains, or what stands in the path to desistance from crime

Witold Klaus is a Professor at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences (Head of the Department of Criminology and of the Migration Law Research Centre) and Research Fellow in the Centre of Migration Research at the University of Warsaw. He is a Lawyer, Criminologist, Migration Researcher, and NGO activist. He is a former Executive Secretary of the Polish Society of Criminology (2008-2018) and currently serves as Editor-in-Chief of the oldest Polish criminological journal, Archiwum Kryminologii [Archives of Criminology]. He held scholarships from the British Academy (UK), the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law (Germany), and the US government. His main areas of academic interest include refugee and immigrant rights, deportation studies, crimmigration, victimology, and victimisation of underserved groups in society. He is a member of the European Society of Criminology, where he coleads the Working Group of Immigration, Crime, and Citizenship.Irena Rzeplińska is a Criminologist and Lawyer. She is a Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS). She is an author of research on deviance, recidivists, self-report surveys, crime, and historical and contemporary crime policy. She is an author of the first criminological research and the first monograph on the crime of foreigners in Poland. Furthermore, in the last decade, she conducted research on youth crime with a focus on the past and present as well as life-course research of young criminals. She was the Principle Investigator of the project titled 'The Mechanisms Behind the Formation and Development of Criminal Careers', financed by the Polish National Science Centre. Her latest publications concern criminality at the time of COVID-19 in Poland as well as the death of the right to asylum in Poland (in the wake of the situation on the Polish-Belarusian border). Between 2004 and 2016, she was Vice-Director in the Institute of Law Studies of the PAS. Currently, she is Chair of the Editorial Committee of the oldest criminological journal in Poland–Archiwum Kryminologii [Archives of Criminology]– and President of the Polish Society of Criminology. She is a member of the Presidency of the Committee of Legal Sciences of the PAS.Dagmara Woźniakowska-Fajst is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Policy at the Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Resocialisation at the University of Warsaw and an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. She holds the position of Secretary of the Board of the Polish Society of Criminology and is a member of the European Society of Criminology and the Association for Legal Intervention. Her main areas of academic interest include victimology, deviant behaviours of juveniles and women, stalking, media coverage of crime, crimes perpetrated by foreigners, and judicial policy. Currently, she leads a project on juvenile delinquency and antisocial behaviours in contemporary Poland (funded by the National Science Centre, Poland).

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• Introduction Accessing information on criminal activity of individuals: Methodological aspects of our research on criminal careers Crime structure of former juvenile offenders during their adulthood: The transition generation and the millennial generation How long and how much? An empirical analysis of criminal activity over the life course of the subjects Different paths, different patterns: Typologies of criminal trajectories Women’s criminal careers No roots, no wings: Risk factors in the assessment of chronic offenders Snares and pains, or what stands in the path to desistance from crime