Thomas Heberer is Senior Professor of Chinese Politics and Society at the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.

"Heberer’s volume is comprehensive and synthetic, and of particular interest to those working on state–society relations, the “civilizing process” in China and issues around the social credit system."Patricia Thornton, University of Oxford, UK

• List of Figures viList of Tables vii1 Covid-19 Pandemic: Disciplined Societies Facing a Predicament 12 Social Disciplining 103 Disciplining Concepts in Chinese History: PoliticalCulture Matters 284 State and Society in China 525 Disciplining Efforts During Early Modernising in the 19th and 20th Centuries 736 Disciplining Processes Since the Advent of the “Reform and Opening Policies” (Gaige kaifang) 947 The Power of Morality: Disciplining and Civilising Projects – Four Case Studies 1128 Retrospective and Lessons Learnt 168Bibliography 183Index 217

Thomas Heberer is Senior Professor of Chinese Politics and Society at the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.

"Heberer’s volume is comprehensive and synthetic, and of particular interest to those working on state–society relations, the “civilizing process” in China and issues around the social credit system."Patricia Thornton, University of Oxford, UK

• List of Figures viList of Tables vii1 Covid-19 Pandemic: Disciplined Societies Facing a Predicament 12 Social Disciplining 103 Disciplining Concepts in Chinese History: PoliticalCulture Matters 284 State and Society in China 525 Disciplining Efforts During Early Modernising in the 19th and 20th Centuries 736 Disciplining Processes Since the Advent of the “Reform and Opening Policies” (Gaige kaifang) 947 The Power of Morality: Disciplining and Civilising Projects – Four Case Studies 1128 Retrospective and Lessons Learnt 168Bibliography 183Index 217