Sojin Lim is Reader in Asia Pacific Studies (with special reference to Korea), Course Leader for both MA North Korean Studies and MA Asia Pacific Studies, and Co-Director of the International Institute of Korean Studies at the University of Central Lancashire, UK. She is the author of articles and book chapters on sustainable development and political economy. Her recent publications include Politics, International Relations and Diplomacy on the Korean Peninsula (2024). She frequently discusses changes in the Korean Peninsula in media interviews.

• 1. Introduction  2. Sanctions and Unintended Consequences  3. Resilience Through Marketisation and The Digital Economy  4. Street-Level Bureaucrats and Cloaked Society  5. International Aid and Uncloaking Society  6. Strong Regime but Dysfunctional State Capacity  7. Conclusion

Sojin Lim is Reader in Asia Pacific Studies (with special reference to Korea), Course Leader for both MA North Korean Studies and MA Asia Pacific Studies, and Co-Director of the International Institute of Korean Studies at the University of Central Lancashire, UK. She is the author of articles and book chapters on sustainable development and political economy. Her recent publications include Politics, International Relations and Diplomacy on the Korean Peninsula (2024). She frequently discusses changes in the Korean Peninsula in media interviews.

• 1. Introduction  2. Sanctions and Unintended Consequences  3. Resilience Through Marketisation and The Digital Economy  4. Street-Level Bureaucrats and Cloaked Society  5. International Aid and Uncloaking Society  6. Strong Regime but Dysfunctional State Capacity  7. Conclusion

Sojin Lim is Reader in Asia Pacific Studies (with special reference to Korea), Course Leader for both MA North Korean Studies and MA Asia Pacific Studies, and Co-Director of the International Institute of Korean Studies at the University of Central Lancashire, UK. She is the author of articles and book chapters on sustainable development and political economy. Her recent publications include Politics, International Relations and Diplomacy on the Korean Peninsula (2024). She frequently discusses changes in the Korean Peninsula in media interviews.

• 1. Introduction  2. Sanctions and Unintended Consequences  3. Resilience Through Marketisation and The Digital Economy  4. Street-Level Bureaucrats and Cloaked Society  5. International Aid and Uncloaking Society  6. Strong Regime but Dysfunctional State Capacity  7. Conclusion