Caroline Wilhelmsson is a historian of state formation, urban history, and military architecture. She teaches Viking history at the University of Aberdeen, UK, and is a postdoctoral researcher at University College Cork, Ireland, where she investigates walled towns. She previously held a Bernadotte Fellowship at Uppsala University, Sweden.

• 1. Introduction 2. Semi-Historical Women: 970–1090 3. Christian Queenship, 1090–1250 4. Women as Independent Political Actors: 1210–1330 5. Conclusion

Caroline Wilhelmsson is a historian of state formation, urban history, and military architecture. She teaches Viking history at the University of Aberdeen, UK, and is a postdoctoral researcher at University College Cork, Ireland, where she investigates walled towns. She previously held a Bernadotte Fellowship at Uppsala University, Sweden.

• 1. Introduction 2. Semi-Historical Women: 970–1090 3. Christian Queenship, 1090–1250 4. Women as Independent Political Actors: 1210–1330 5. Conclusion

Caroline Wilhelmsson is a historian of state formation, urban history, and military architecture. She teaches Viking history at the University of Aberdeen, UK, and is a postdoctoral researcher at University College Cork, Ireland, where she investigates walled towns. She previously held a Bernadotte Fellowship at Uppsala University, Sweden.

• 1. Introduction 2. Semi-Historical Women: 970–1090 3. Christian Queenship, 1090–1250 4. Women as Independent Political Actors: 1210–1330 5. Conclusion