Rajendra Baikady is Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Work, Central University of Kerala, India, and Founding Editor in Chief of Discover Global Society, an international journal.John Gal is Professor in the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.Varoshini Nadesan is Lecturer in the Department of Social Work, Auckland Park campus, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.Sajid S.M. is Professor at Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India.Gao Jianguo is Professor in the Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development Shandong University, China.

• List of Figures xList of Tables xiiiList of Contributors xviiForeword xxiiAcknowledgements xxvIntroduction: Producing Poor and Naming Them – Globalization and Neoliberalism in the Global South 1Rajendra Baikady, John Gal, and Gao JianguoPART ITheorizing Poverty – Global South Societies in Transition 91Poverty-Free Fantasy: Aid Agencies, Neocolonialism, and Neoliberalism in Nepal 11Raj Yadav2 Tabulating Global Literacy: Trends in Global, Continental, Regional, and National Literacy Rates between 2000 and 2020 32Jeffrey Meyer3 Social Policy, Public Housing and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria 48Ibrahim Rotimi Aliu4 Impact of Globalization on Poverty in India: Cross-Country Comparative Analysis with China and Indonesia 74S. Dhanya5 Limits to Public Policy Pursuits on Poverty in India: Limited Conceptualization 96M. H. SuryanarayanaPART IIPoverty and Marginalization in the Emerging Global South Countries 1176 Reducing Poverty Requires Investing in Early Childhood Education in the Least Developed Countries 119Colleen Loomis and Abdeljalil Akkari7 Inequality: The Fundamental Bane of Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria 139Rasaki Stephen Dauda8 Poverty and Elderly’s Health 159Saidatulakmal Mohd, Abdelhak Senadjki, and Abdul Rais Abdul Latiff9 Poverty among Rural Older People in Zambia 182Fred Moonga10 Poverty and Social Protection for Old Age in the 21st Century: Reversing Pension Privatization in Latin America 200Nelson Dionel Cardozo and Pablo Alberto Bulcourf11 Gender Identity and Socio-economic Status: Khawaja Sara Perspectives, Issues, and Challenges in Pakistan 228Sakina RiazPART IIIWelfare of the Margin – Issues, Challenges, and Concerns 25712 Trouncing Poverty through Women’s Empowerment in India: A Case of Kerala’s Kudumbashree Mission 259Preetha Menon, Sojin P. Varghese, and K. Minimol13 Poverty and Sex Work Migration in Edo State, Nigeria 273C. Prince Agwu14 Organized Crime and Penury in Pakistan: The Hybrid Exploitation of the Poor and Powerless 284Mark Briskey15 Poverty and Microfinance 302Tajul Ariffin Masron and Yogeeswari Subramaniam16 Poverty and Access to Land in Rural Ethiopia 322Kassie Dessie and M. K. Jayamohan17 Reflections on Income Inequality and Poverty Trends in Nigeria 345Clement Ebizimor Deinne18 Poverty and Child Labour Nexus: An Indian Perspective 370Bishnu Mohan Dash and Mitu Dash19 Exploring the Factors Affecting Child Poverty and Well-Being in Developed and Developing Countries: A Critical Review of Evidences 381Almudena Moreno Mínguez20 Race and Risk: Poverty in an Urban Setting 400Elena Delavega and Gregory Miles Blumenthal21 Just Going Nowhere: How Post-Agricultural Entrepreneurship and Leadership Training for Young People in Cassava Farming Village Fails 409Christopher Arteria-Bach and Meredian AlamPART IVPolitics of Poverty – Measuring and Naming the Poor in the Global South Societies 42522 Impact of Neoliberalism on the Right to Food: A Comparative Analysis between India and China 427Sakshi Walia23 Ensuring Food Security: A Case for Developing Countries 449Yogeeswari Subramaniam and Nanthakumar Loganathan24 Methods of Assessing Poverty in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Overview 480Isahaque Ali, Azlinda Azman, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, and Syazwani Drani25 Being Poor, Female, and First-Year at a South African University: Vulnerabilities to Gender-Based Violence 490Sibonile Kabaya and Shakila Singh26 Saving New Lives in Remote Areas of Indonesia: Social Capital and the Use of Dukun Beranak’s Service (Traditional Birth Attendants) in Indonesia 506Meredian Alam, Peta Puspita Dewi, and Khadizah Abdul-Mumin27 Poverty, Inequality, and Politics of Marginality in India: State and Civil Society’s Affirmative Action 527Sujit Lahiry28 Multidimensional Poverty Index of the Districts of Gujarat 555Nasheman Bandookwala and Manjula DabhiPART VRethinking Economic Development in the Global South 58529 Strategic Errors, Underdevelopment, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa 587Ayten Çeter, Israel Nyaburi Nyadera, and Md. Nazmul Islam30 Forced Displacement and the Financialization of the Poor 600Gloria C. Pérez-Rivera31 Urban Poor in Neoliberal City-Spaces: Negotiating Marginalities and Everyday Struggle in the Peri-Urban Delhi 617Sanchari Mukhopadhyay32 The Challenges of Social Safety Nets for Poverty Reduction: The Case of Bangladesh 634Isahaque Ali, Azlinda Azman, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, and Syazwani Drani33 Individualization of Distress: Farmers’ Suicide in India 654Shilajit SenguptaIndex 673

Rajendra Baikady is Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Work, Central University of Kerala, India, and Founding Editor in Chief of Discover Global Society, an international journal.John Gal is Professor in the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.Varoshini Nadesan is Lecturer in the Department of Social Work, Auckland Park campus, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.Sajid S.M. is Professor at Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India.Gao Jianguo is Professor in the Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development Shandong University, China.

• List of Figures xList of Tables xiiiList of Contributors xviiForeword xxiiAcknowledgements xxvIntroduction: Producing Poor and Naming Them – Globalization and Neoliberalism in the Global South 1Rajendra Baikady, John Gal, and Gao JianguoPART ITheorizing Poverty – Global South Societies in Transition 91Poverty-Free Fantasy: Aid Agencies, Neocolonialism, and Neoliberalism in Nepal 11Raj Yadav2 Tabulating Global Literacy: Trends in Global, Continental, Regional, and National Literacy Rates between 2000 and 2020 32Jeffrey Meyer3 Social Policy, Public Housing and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria 48Ibrahim Rotimi Aliu4 Impact of Globalization on Poverty in India: Cross-Country Comparative Analysis with China and Indonesia 74S. Dhanya5 Limits to Public Policy Pursuits on Poverty in India: Limited Conceptualization 96M. H. SuryanarayanaPART IIPoverty and Marginalization in the Emerging Global South Countries 1176 Reducing Poverty Requires Investing in Early Childhood Education in the Least Developed Countries 119Colleen Loomis and Abdeljalil Akkari7 Inequality: The Fundamental Bane of Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria 139Rasaki Stephen Dauda8 Poverty and Elderly’s Health 159Saidatulakmal Mohd, Abdelhak Senadjki, and Abdul Rais Abdul Latiff9 Poverty among Rural Older People in Zambia 182Fred Moonga10 Poverty and Social Protection for Old Age in the 21st Century: Reversing Pension Privatization in Latin America 200Nelson Dionel Cardozo and Pablo Alberto Bulcourf11 Gender Identity and Socio-economic Status: Khawaja Sara Perspectives, Issues, and Challenges in Pakistan 228Sakina RiazPART IIIWelfare of the Margin – Issues, Challenges, and Concerns 25712 Trouncing Poverty through Women’s Empowerment in India: A Case of Kerala’s Kudumbashree Mission 259Preetha Menon, Sojin P. Varghese, and K. Minimol13 Poverty and Sex Work Migration in Edo State, Nigeria 273C. Prince Agwu14 Organized Crime and Penury in Pakistan: The Hybrid Exploitation of the Poor and Powerless 284Mark Briskey15 Poverty and Microfinance 302Tajul Ariffin Masron and Yogeeswari Subramaniam16 Poverty and Access to Land in Rural Ethiopia 322Kassie Dessie and M. K. Jayamohan17 Reflections on Income Inequality and Poverty Trends in Nigeria 345Clement Ebizimor Deinne18 Poverty and Child Labour Nexus: An Indian Perspective 370Bishnu Mohan Dash and Mitu Dash19 Exploring the Factors Affecting Child Poverty and Well-Being in Developed and Developing Countries: A Critical Review of Evidences 381Almudena Moreno Mínguez20 Race and Risk: Poverty in an Urban Setting 400Elena Delavega and Gregory Miles Blumenthal21 Just Going Nowhere: How Post-Agricultural Entrepreneurship and Leadership Training for Young People in Cassava Farming Village Fails 409Christopher Arteria-Bach and Meredian AlamPART IVPolitics of Poverty – Measuring and Naming the Poor in the Global South Societies 42522 Impact of Neoliberalism on the Right to Food: A Comparative Analysis between India and China 427Sakshi Walia23 Ensuring Food Security: A Case for Developing Countries 449Yogeeswari Subramaniam and Nanthakumar Loganathan24 Methods of Assessing Poverty in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Overview 480Isahaque Ali, Azlinda Azman, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, and Syazwani Drani25 Being Poor, Female, and First-Year at a South African University: Vulnerabilities to Gender-Based Violence 490Sibonile Kabaya and Shakila Singh26 Saving New Lives in Remote Areas of Indonesia: Social Capital and the Use of Dukun Beranak’s Service (Traditional Birth Attendants) in Indonesia 506Meredian Alam, Peta Puspita Dewi, and Khadizah Abdul-Mumin27 Poverty, Inequality, and Politics of Marginality in India: State and Civil Society’s Affirmative Action 527Sujit Lahiry28 Multidimensional Poverty Index of the Districts of Gujarat 555Nasheman Bandookwala and Manjula DabhiPART VRethinking Economic Development in the Global South 58529 Strategic Errors, Underdevelopment, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa 587Ayten Çeter, Israel Nyaburi Nyadera, and Md. Nazmul Islam30 Forced Displacement and the Financialization of the Poor 600Gloria C. Pérez-Rivera31 Urban Poor in Neoliberal City-Spaces: Negotiating Marginalities and Everyday Struggle in the Peri-Urban Delhi 617Sanchari Mukhopadhyay32 The Challenges of Social Safety Nets for Poverty Reduction: The Case of Bangladesh 634Isahaque Ali, Azlinda Azman, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, and Syazwani Drani33 Individualization of Distress: Farmers’ Suicide in India 654Shilajit SenguptaIndex 673

Rajendra Baikady is Assistant Professor in the Department of Social Work, Central University of Kerala, India, and Founding Editor in Chief of Discover Global Society, an international journal.John Gal is Professor in the Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.Varoshini Nadesan is Lecturer in the Department of Social Work, Auckland Park campus, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.Sajid S.M. is Professor at Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India.Gao Jianguo is Professor in the Department of Social Work, School of Philosophy and Social Development Shandong University, China.

• List of Figures xList of Tables xiiiList of Contributors xviiForeword xxiiAcknowledgements xxvIntroduction: Producing Poor and Naming Them – Globalization and Neoliberalism in the Global South 1Rajendra Baikady, John Gal, and Gao JianguoPART ITheorizing Poverty – Global South Societies in Transition 91Poverty-Free Fantasy: Aid Agencies, Neocolonialism, and Neoliberalism in Nepal 11Raj Yadav2 Tabulating Global Literacy: Trends in Global, Continental, Regional, and National Literacy Rates between 2000 and 2020 32Jeffrey Meyer3 Social Policy, Public Housing and Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria 48Ibrahim Rotimi Aliu4 Impact of Globalization on Poverty in India: Cross-Country Comparative Analysis with China and Indonesia 74S. Dhanya5 Limits to Public Policy Pursuits on Poverty in India: Limited Conceptualization 96M. H. SuryanarayanaPART IIPoverty and Marginalization in the Emerging Global South Countries 1176 Reducing Poverty Requires Investing in Early Childhood Education in the Least Developed Countries 119Colleen Loomis and Abdeljalil Akkari7 Inequality: The Fundamental Bane of Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria 139Rasaki Stephen Dauda8 Poverty and Elderly’s Health 159Saidatulakmal Mohd, Abdelhak Senadjki, and Abdul Rais Abdul Latiff9 Poverty among Rural Older People in Zambia 182Fred Moonga10 Poverty and Social Protection for Old Age in the 21st Century: Reversing Pension Privatization in Latin America 200Nelson Dionel Cardozo and Pablo Alberto Bulcourf11 Gender Identity and Socio-economic Status: Khawaja Sara Perspectives, Issues, and Challenges in Pakistan 228Sakina RiazPART IIIWelfare of the Margin – Issues, Challenges, and Concerns 25712 Trouncing Poverty through Women’s Empowerment in India: A Case of Kerala’s Kudumbashree Mission 259Preetha Menon, Sojin P. Varghese, and K. Minimol13 Poverty and Sex Work Migration in Edo State, Nigeria 273C. Prince Agwu14 Organized Crime and Penury in Pakistan: The Hybrid Exploitation of the Poor and Powerless 284Mark Briskey15 Poverty and Microfinance 302Tajul Ariffin Masron and Yogeeswari Subramaniam16 Poverty and Access to Land in Rural Ethiopia 322Kassie Dessie and M. K. Jayamohan17 Reflections on Income Inequality and Poverty Trends in Nigeria 345Clement Ebizimor Deinne18 Poverty and Child Labour Nexus: An Indian Perspective 370Bishnu Mohan Dash and Mitu Dash19 Exploring the Factors Affecting Child Poverty and Well-Being in Developed and Developing Countries: A Critical Review of Evidences 381Almudena Moreno Mínguez20 Race and Risk: Poverty in an Urban Setting 400Elena Delavega and Gregory Miles Blumenthal21 Just Going Nowhere: How Post-Agricultural Entrepreneurship and Leadership Training for Young People in Cassava Farming Village Fails 409Christopher Arteria-Bach and Meredian AlamPART IVPolitics of Poverty – Measuring and Naming the Poor in the Global South Societies 42522 Impact of Neoliberalism on the Right to Food: A Comparative Analysis between India and China 427Sakshi Walia23 Ensuring Food Security: A Case for Developing Countries 449Yogeeswari Subramaniam and Nanthakumar Loganathan24 Methods of Assessing Poverty in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Overview 480Isahaque Ali, Azlinda Azman, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, and Syazwani Drani25 Being Poor, Female, and First-Year at a South African University: Vulnerabilities to Gender-Based Violence 490Sibonile Kabaya and Shakila Singh26 Saving New Lives in Remote Areas of Indonesia: Social Capital and the Use of Dukun Beranak’s Service (Traditional Birth Attendants) in Indonesia 506Meredian Alam, Peta Puspita Dewi, and Khadizah Abdul-Mumin27 Poverty, Inequality, and Politics of Marginality in India: State and Civil Society’s Affirmative Action 527Sujit Lahiry28 Multidimensional Poverty Index of the Districts of Gujarat 555Nasheman Bandookwala and Manjula DabhiPART VRethinking Economic Development in the Global South 58529 Strategic Errors, Underdevelopment, and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa 587Ayten Çeter, Israel Nyaburi Nyadera, and Md. Nazmul Islam30 Forced Displacement and the Financialization of the Poor 600Gloria C. Pérez-Rivera31 Urban Poor in Neoliberal City-Spaces: Negotiating Marginalities and Everyday Struggle in the Peri-Urban Delhi 617Sanchari Mukhopadhyay32 The Challenges of Social Safety Nets for Poverty Reduction: The Case of Bangladesh 634Isahaque Ali, Azlinda Azman, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, and Syazwani Drani33 Individualization of Distress: Farmers’ Suicide in India 654Shilajit SenguptaIndex 673