Nimit Chowdhary, BE(Mech) MBA, PhD (Management), is a Professor and Head at the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He has more than 30 years of postgraduate teaching and research experience. He has been a full professor for close to 17 years, serving in all the country's regions. He has also been a professor at Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) in Mexico and Shaoxing University, China. He has also taught at the University of Girona, Spain; the University of Gotland, Sweden; and GEA Academy, Slovenia. Recently, he was associated as adjunct faculty with Arizona State University, USA.He has received awards and accolades in and outside of India for his academic contributions. He is a recipient of the AICTE Career Award for Young Teachers; SIDA Fellowship, Sweden; Guest Scholarship, Sweden; Linnaeus Palme Exchange Programme Grants, Sweden; PIMG Research Excellence Award, Gwalior; and Scholars’ Grant (EMTM), Erasmus Mundus, Europe, among others. Recently he was chosen for the prestigious LEAP programme at Oxford University.His research has focused on tourism marketing, destination, services, and entrepreneurship. He is a referred researcher in many international journals and has researched for UGC, ICSSR, AICTE and MoT-GoI worth around Rs. 50 Lakhs. He has supervised 23 PhDs, authored 14 books (including those with Taylor & Francis, Macmillan, Goodfellow, and Sage), edited six books (including with Taylor & Francis and Emerald), and contributed more than 225 papers.Sunayana, MBA, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Management Studies at Jamia Millia Islamia’s Department of Management Studies. She has earned a PhD in Management Studies from Jiwaji University in Gwalior, MP, and an MBA from Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University in Ajmer. At the Government Engineering College in Jhalawar, Rajasthan, she previously held the position of lecturer. She has been a teacher for more than 14 years. She has given talks at numerous conferences in India and overseas and published more than 20 papers in reputable national and international publications. She teaches cross-cultural issues, training and development, strategic management, and business ethics. Her areas of research interest are tourism, strategic management, and business ethics.Monika Prakash, MBA, MCom, PhD, is a Professor and Head at the Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), Noida. Earlier, she headed the IITTM Noida, IITTM Nellore and IITTM Gwalior as the Nodal Officer. She has over 25 years of university-level teaching experience and has been a full professor since 2013. She leads the prestigious Incredible India Tourist Facilitator Programme (IITFP) and is also the Nodal Officer of the Central Nodal Agency for Sustainable Tourism (CNA-ST) of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. In addition, she is a researcher, trainer, and academic administrator. She has published more than 45 papers and ten books. She has supervised doctoral research and led funded research from the Ministry of Tourism and ICSSR, among others. She has presented papers and moderated/chaired national and international conference sessions. She has travelled extensively in and outside of the country.

• List of illustrations viPreface viiAcknowledgements x1 Nature of ethics 12 Making sense of ethics 253 Research and ethics in research 474 Evolution of research ethics 685 Scientific misconduct 926 Publication ethics 1207 Publishing and predation 1548 Academic and research publishing 1879 Citation and referencing 21610 Research metrics 246Index 281

Nimit Chowdhary, BE(Mech) MBA, PhD (Management), is a Professor and Head at the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He has more than 30 years of postgraduate teaching and research experience. He has been a full professor for close to 17 years, serving in all the country's regions. He has also been a professor at Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) in Mexico and Shaoxing University, China. He has also taught at the University of Girona, Spain; the University of Gotland, Sweden; and GEA Academy, Slovenia. Recently, he was associated as adjunct faculty with Arizona State University, USA.He has received awards and accolades in and outside of India for his academic contributions. He is a recipient of the AICTE Career Award for Young Teachers; SIDA Fellowship, Sweden; Guest Scholarship, Sweden; Linnaeus Palme Exchange Programme Grants, Sweden; PIMG Research Excellence Award, Gwalior; and Scholars’ Grant (EMTM), Erasmus Mundus, Europe, among others. Recently he was chosen for the prestigious LEAP programme at Oxford University.His research has focused on tourism marketing, destination, services, and entrepreneurship. He is a referred researcher in many international journals and has researched for UGC, ICSSR, AICTE and MoT-GoI worth around Rs. 50 Lakhs. He has supervised 23 PhDs, authored 14 books (including those with Taylor & Francis, Macmillan, Goodfellow, and Sage), edited six books (including with Taylor & Francis and Emerald), and contributed more than 225 papers.Sunayana, MBA, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Management Studies at Jamia Millia Islamia’s Department of Management Studies. She has earned a PhD in Management Studies from Jiwaji University in Gwalior, MP, and an MBA from Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University in Ajmer. At the Government Engineering College in Jhalawar, Rajasthan, she previously held the position of lecturer. She has been a teacher for more than 14 years. She has given talks at numerous conferences in India and overseas and published more than 20 papers in reputable national and international publications. She teaches cross-cultural issues, training and development, strategic management, and business ethics. Her areas of research interest are tourism, strategic management, and business ethics.Monika Prakash, MBA, MCom, PhD, is a Professor and Head at the Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), Noida. Earlier, she headed the IITTM Noida, IITTM Nellore and IITTM Gwalior as the Nodal Officer. She has over 25 years of university-level teaching experience and has been a full professor since 2013. She leads the prestigious Incredible India Tourist Facilitator Programme (IITFP) and is also the Nodal Officer of the Central Nodal Agency for Sustainable Tourism (CNA-ST) of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. In addition, she is a researcher, trainer, and academic administrator. She has published more than 45 papers and ten books. She has supervised doctoral research and led funded research from the Ministry of Tourism and ICSSR, among others. She has presented papers and moderated/chaired national and international conference sessions. She has travelled extensively in and outside of the country.

• List of illustrations viPreface viiAcknowledgements x1 Nature of ethics 12 Making sense of ethics 253 Research and ethics in research 474 Evolution of research ethics 685 Scientific misconduct 926 Publication ethics 1207 Publishing and predation 1548 Academic and research publishing 1879 Citation and referencing 21610 Research metrics 246Index 281

Nimit Chowdhary, BE(Mech) MBA, PhD (Management), is a Professor and Head at the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He has more than 30 years of postgraduate teaching and research experience. He has been a full professor for close to 17 years, serving in all the country's regions. He has also been a professor at Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) in Mexico and Shaoxing University, China. He has also taught at the University of Girona, Spain; the University of Gotland, Sweden; and GEA Academy, Slovenia. Recently, he was associated as adjunct faculty with Arizona State University, USA.He has received awards and accolades in and outside of India for his academic contributions. He is a recipient of the AICTE Career Award for Young Teachers; SIDA Fellowship, Sweden; Guest Scholarship, Sweden; Linnaeus Palme Exchange Programme Grants, Sweden; PIMG Research Excellence Award, Gwalior; and Scholars’ Grant (EMTM), Erasmus Mundus, Europe, among others. Recently he was chosen for the prestigious LEAP programme at Oxford University.His research has focused on tourism marketing, destination, services, and entrepreneurship. He is a referred researcher in many international journals and has researched for UGC, ICSSR, AICTE and MoT-GoI worth around Rs. 50 Lakhs. He has supervised 23 PhDs, authored 14 books (including those with Taylor & Francis, Macmillan, Goodfellow, and Sage), edited six books (including with Taylor & Francis and Emerald), and contributed more than 225 papers.Sunayana, MBA, PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Management Studies at Jamia Millia Islamia’s Department of Management Studies. She has earned a PhD in Management Studies from Jiwaji University in Gwalior, MP, and an MBA from Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University in Ajmer. At the Government Engineering College in Jhalawar, Rajasthan, she previously held the position of lecturer. She has been a teacher for more than 14 years. She has given talks at numerous conferences in India and overseas and published more than 20 papers in reputable national and international publications. She teaches cross-cultural issues, training and development, strategic management, and business ethics. Her areas of research interest are tourism, strategic management, and business ethics.Monika Prakash, MBA, MCom, PhD, is a Professor and Head at the Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), Noida. Earlier, she headed the IITTM Noida, IITTM Nellore and IITTM Gwalior as the Nodal Officer. She has over 25 years of university-level teaching experience and has been a full professor since 2013. She leads the prestigious Incredible India Tourist Facilitator Programme (IITFP) and is also the Nodal Officer of the Central Nodal Agency for Sustainable Tourism (CNA-ST) of the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. In addition, she is a researcher, trainer, and academic administrator. She has published more than 45 papers and ten books. She has supervised doctoral research and led funded research from the Ministry of Tourism and ICSSR, among others. She has presented papers and moderated/chaired national and international conference sessions. She has travelled extensively in and outside of the country.

• List of illustrations viPreface viiAcknowledgements x1 Nature of ethics 12 Making sense of ethics 253 Research and ethics in research 474 Evolution of research ethics 685 Scientific misconduct 926 Publication ethics 1207 Publishing and predation 1548 Academic and research publishing 1879 Citation and referencing 21610 Research metrics 246Index 281