David Price is Emeritus Professor, Public International Law and Intellectual Property Law, School of Law, Charles Darwin University, Australia. His primary research area is the intersection of public international law, international trade agreements, and intellectual property law. This work has extended to the settlement of disputes encompassing the application of investor–state dispute settlement causes and outcomes. He has published extensively in these areas, focussing upon the GCC, ASEAN, Indonesia, and Australia as exemplars. David has worked, consulted, and researched in institutions in Australia, Indonesia, the UK, Europe, and the Middle East, and held visiting professorships in Indonesia and China.Amelia Hallam is a research associate with the School of Law, Charles Darwin University, Australia. She has been admitted as a legal practitioner in the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. In 2020 Amy completed her PhD on investor–state dispute settlement at Charles Darwin University, with Emeritus Professor David Price. Amy has an active research interest in investor–state arbitration and the Gulf, having presented at the Gulf Research Council’s International Meetings in the UK, and subsequently published. Amy has also published on ISDS provisions in Gulf free trade agreements, and new knowledge societies and economic development in the GCC.Contributing author:Nadia Naim is an Associate Dean of International Law and Social Sciences and a Senior Lecturer in Law at Aston University. She is a qualified barrister and a fellow of the HEA. She has published many scholarly articles in the areas of international intellectual property law, intangible asset financing and development, comparative law, and international law. She has authored books in the intellectual property field and specialises in emerging areas of intellectual property development. Her most recent publication is Islamic Legal Principles and Intellectual Property Rights in the Gulf with Gerlach Press and her upcoming publication is with Palgrave McMillan on Intellectual Property Law Developments

• List of Figures viiiList of Tables ixPreface x1 Introduction: Investor–State Dispute Settlement and the GCC Member State Experience 12 The GCC Member States and Their International Arbitration Frameworks 193 Elements and Emerging Themes in Investor–State Arbitration in the GCC Context 424 The GCC Member States as Respondents in ISDS Arbitrations 795 The GCC Member States as Home States of Claimants in ISDS Arbitrations 1246 Intra-GCC Investor–State Arbitrations and Divergence in Approaches 1667 Domestic Investment Protection and Promotion Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks in the GCC 1928 ISDS, Islamic Law-Based Investment Agreements and Islamic Finance Principles 2289 Reflections and Recommendations 252Index 271

David Price is Emeritus Professor, Public International Law and Intellectual Property Law, School of Law, Charles Darwin University, Australia. His primary research area is the intersection of public international law, international trade agreements, and intellectual property law. This work has extended to the settlement of disputes encompassing the application of investor–state dispute settlement causes and outcomes. He has published extensively in these areas, focussing upon the GCC, ASEAN, Indonesia, and Australia as exemplars. David has worked, consulted, and researched in institutions in Australia, Indonesia, the UK, Europe, and the Middle East, and held visiting professorships in Indonesia and China.Amelia Hallam is a research associate with the School of Law, Charles Darwin University, Australia. She has been admitted as a legal practitioner in the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. In 2020 Amy completed her PhD on investor–state dispute settlement at Charles Darwin University, with Emeritus Professor David Price. Amy has an active research interest in investor–state arbitration and the Gulf, having presented at the Gulf Research Council’s International Meetings in the UK, and subsequently published. Amy has also published on ISDS provisions in Gulf free trade agreements, and new knowledge societies and economic development in the GCC.Contributing author:Nadia Naim is an Associate Dean of International Law and Social Sciences and a Senior Lecturer in Law at Aston University. She is a qualified barrister and a fellow of the HEA. She has published many scholarly articles in the areas of international intellectual property law, intangible asset financing and development, comparative law, and international law. She has authored books in the intellectual property field and specialises in emerging areas of intellectual property development. Her most recent publication is Islamic Legal Principles and Intellectual Property Rights in the Gulf with Gerlach Press and her upcoming publication is with Palgrave McMillan on Intellectual Property Law Developments

• List of Figures viiiList of Tables ixPreface x1 Introduction: Investor–State Dispute Settlement and the GCC Member State Experience 12 The GCC Member States and Their International Arbitration Frameworks 193 Elements and Emerging Themes in Investor–State Arbitration in the GCC Context 424 The GCC Member States as Respondents in ISDS Arbitrations 795 The GCC Member States as Home States of Claimants in ISDS Arbitrations 1246 Intra-GCC Investor–State Arbitrations and Divergence in Approaches 1667 Domestic Investment Protection and Promotion Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks in the GCC 1928 ISDS, Islamic Law-Based Investment Agreements and Islamic Finance Principles 2289 Reflections and Recommendations 252Index 271

David Price is Emeritus Professor, Public International Law and Intellectual Property Law, School of Law, Charles Darwin University, Australia. His primary research area is the intersection of public international law, international trade agreements, and intellectual property law. This work has extended to the settlement of disputes encompassing the application of investor–state dispute settlement causes and outcomes. He has published extensively in these areas, focussing upon the GCC, ASEAN, Indonesia, and Australia as exemplars. David has worked, consulted, and researched in institutions in Australia, Indonesia, the UK, Europe, and the Middle East, and held visiting professorships in Indonesia and China.Amelia Hallam is a research associate with the School of Law, Charles Darwin University, Australia. She has been admitted as a legal practitioner in the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory. In 2020 Amy completed her PhD on investor–state dispute settlement at Charles Darwin University, with Emeritus Professor David Price. Amy has an active research interest in investor–state arbitration and the Gulf, having presented at the Gulf Research Council’s International Meetings in the UK, and subsequently published. Amy has also published on ISDS provisions in Gulf free trade agreements, and new knowledge societies and economic development in the GCC.Contributing author:Nadia Naim is an Associate Dean of International Law and Social Sciences and a Senior Lecturer in Law at Aston University. She is a qualified barrister and a fellow of the HEA. She has published many scholarly articles in the areas of international intellectual property law, intangible asset financing and development, comparative law, and international law. She has authored books in the intellectual property field and specialises in emerging areas of intellectual property development. Her most recent publication is Islamic Legal Principles and Intellectual Property Rights in the Gulf with Gerlach Press and her upcoming publication is with Palgrave McMillan on Intellectual Property Law Developments

• List of Figures viiiList of Tables ixPreface x1 Introduction: Investor–State Dispute Settlement and the GCC Member State Experience 12 The GCC Member States and Their International Arbitration Frameworks 193 Elements and Emerging Themes in Investor–State Arbitration in the GCC Context 424 The GCC Member States as Respondents in ISDS Arbitrations 795 The GCC Member States as Home States of Claimants in ISDS Arbitrations 1246 Intra-GCC Investor–State Arbitrations and Divergence in Approaches 1667 Domestic Investment Protection and Promotion Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks in the GCC 1928 ISDS, Islamic Law-Based Investment Agreements and Islamic Finance Principles 2289 Reflections and Recommendations 252Index 271