Arjan Blokland is a Senior Researcher at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement and a Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden Law School, Leiden University, the Netherlands. At the time of editing this volume, he was Obel Visiting Professor at Aalborg University, Denmark. His research interests include criminal careers and life-course criminology, criminal networks, and organized crime.Klaus von Lampe is a Professor of Criminology at the Berlin School of Economics and Law in Berlin, Germany. He has previously been a Professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York. His research interests include the conceptual history, theory and empirical manifestations of organized crime, as well as crime prevention and international law enforcement cooperation. For his book Organized Crime: Analyzing Illegal Activities, Criminal Structures, and Extra-Legal Governance, he received the Outstanding Publication Award from the International Association for the Study of Organized Crime.Sjoukje van Deuren is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Criminology, Faculty of Law, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Postdoctoral Researcher at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR). Her research interests include organized crime, criminal networks, and outlaw motorcycle clubs.

• 1. Introduction: Outlaw Bikers as Organized Crime? 2. Outlaw Bikers in the Swedish Parliament: How Motorcycle Clubs Became Organized Crime 3. Surveying the Landscape: Assessing Public Perception of Outlaw Motorcycle 4. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs in Australia: Exploring Variability in Gang Member Involvement in Organised Crime 5. Typifying Dutch Outlaw Bikers: A Latent Class Analysis 6. Riding the Digital Highway With the Mongols and the Vagos: Applying OSINT Techniques to Assess Member Criminality and Connectivity 7. A Conceptual Framework of (Illegal) Governance Behavior: A Case Study of Dutch Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs 8. Questions About the Relationship Between Domestic Violence and Membership of a 1%- Motorcycle Club 9. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs As a Source of Revenue 10. Secrecy, Control and Organised Crime: State Responses to ‘Bikies’ in Australia 11. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs in the Netherlands: Developments and Responses