Atish R. Ghosh is the Historian of the International Monetary Fund. His recent work has focused on issues related to the stability of the international monetary system. He has published numerous influential studies on international policy coordination and exchange rate regimes, including three books: Economic Cooperation in an Uncertain World (1994), Exchange Rate Regimes: Choices and Consequences (2003), and Currency Boards in Retrospect and Prospect (2008).Fabio Masini is Professor of Theories and History of International Political Economy at Roma Tre University and Secretary General of Robert Triffin International. His main areas of research concern the history of economics of regional and global economic and monetary integration. His last book was on European Economic Governance: Theories, Historical Evolution, and Reform Proposals (2022) and he recently edited 80 Years after Bretton Woods. Relaunching Multilateralism through Regional Monetary Unions (2025).

• ntroduction - The Roads Not TakenAtish Rex Ghosh and Fabio MasiniResource-based International Currency: A History of a FailedConsensual IdeaNikolay NenovskyChampions of Free Trade: The Peruvian Proposal for a Conference onCommercial Policy at Bretton WoodsCésar Castillo-GarcíaFive Debates at the Creation of the International Monetary FundAtish Rex GhoshFour Roads not Taken at Bretton Woods: International FinancialProposals Ahead of their TimeEric HelleinerBretton Woods, and the problem of sovereign defaults during theearly phaseJuan Huitzilihuit Flores ZendejasPaths not Taken with the American Payments Imbalance: BureaucraticResponses in the IMF, OECD, and BIS, 1960 to 1971Kathryn LavelleSDRs and Development Finance: Uncovering the Early 1970s DebateAlbertina NaniaA Failed Attempt towards a Multilayered Safety Net: The Asian MonetaryFundFabio MasiniEvolution of Gender and Anti-Discrimination Policies at the InternationalMonetary Fund: A Historical AnalysisSaliha MetinsoyA Critical Road Not Taken? Assessing IMF Inclusive Growth andFrameworks of Technocratic Progressive Taxation in the post-2008 EraMark HibbenLuxembourg’s Role in Forging Post-war Financial Governance:Knowledge, Leadership, DiplomacyElena DanescuThe Governance of the Bretton Woods Institutions: Ambitious but FailedGoals?Susanna Cafaro

Atish R. Ghosh is the Historian of the International Monetary Fund. His recent work has focused on issues related to the stability of the international monetary system. He has published numerous influential studies on international policy coordination and exchange rate regimes, including three books: Economic Cooperation in an Uncertain World (1994), Exchange Rate Regimes: Choices and Consequences (2003), and Currency Boards in Retrospect and Prospect (2008).Fabio Masini is Professor of Theories and History of International Political Economy at Roma Tre University and Secretary General of Robert Triffin International. His main areas of research concern the history of economics of regional and global economic and monetary integration. His last book was on European Economic Governance: Theories, Historical Evolution, and Reform Proposals (2022) and he recently edited 80 Years after Bretton Woods. Relaunching Multilateralism through Regional Monetary Unions (2025).

• ntroduction - The Roads Not TakenAtish Rex Ghosh and Fabio MasiniResource-based International Currency: A History of a FailedConsensual IdeaNikolay NenovskyChampions of Free Trade: The Peruvian Proposal for a Conference onCommercial Policy at Bretton WoodsCésar Castillo-GarcíaFive Debates at the Creation of the International Monetary FundAtish Rex GhoshFour Roads not Taken at Bretton Woods: International FinancialProposals Ahead of their TimeEric HelleinerBretton Woods, and the problem of sovereign defaults during theearly phaseJuan Huitzilihuit Flores ZendejasPaths not Taken with the American Payments Imbalance: BureaucraticResponses in the IMF, OECD, and BIS, 1960 to 1971Kathryn LavelleSDRs and Development Finance: Uncovering the Early 1970s DebateAlbertina NaniaA Failed Attempt towards a Multilayered Safety Net: The Asian MonetaryFundFabio MasiniEvolution of Gender and Anti-Discrimination Policies at the InternationalMonetary Fund: A Historical AnalysisSaliha MetinsoyA Critical Road Not Taken? Assessing IMF Inclusive Growth andFrameworks of Technocratic Progressive Taxation in the post-2008 EraMark HibbenLuxembourg’s Role in Forging Post-war Financial Governance:Knowledge, Leadership, DiplomacyElena DanescuThe Governance of the Bretton Woods Institutions: Ambitious but FailedGoals?Susanna Cafaro

Atish R. Ghosh is the Historian of the International Monetary Fund. His recent work has focused on issues related to the stability of the international monetary system. He has published numerous influential studies on international policy coordination and exchange rate regimes, including three books: Economic Cooperation in an Uncertain World (1994), Exchange Rate Regimes: Choices and Consequences (2003), and Currency Boards in Retrospect and Prospect (2008).Fabio Masini is Professor of Theories and History of International Political Economy at Roma Tre University and Secretary General of Robert Triffin International. His main areas of research concern the history of economics of regional and global economic and monetary integration. His last book was on European Economic Governance: Theories, Historical Evolution, and Reform Proposals (2022) and he recently edited 80 Years after Bretton Woods. Relaunching Multilateralism through Regional Monetary Unions (2025).

• ntroduction - The Roads Not TakenAtish Rex Ghosh and Fabio MasiniResource-based International Currency: A History of a FailedConsensual IdeaNikolay NenovskyChampions of Free Trade: The Peruvian Proposal for a Conference onCommercial Policy at Bretton WoodsCésar Castillo-GarcíaFive Debates at the Creation of the International Monetary FundAtish Rex GhoshFour Roads not Taken at Bretton Woods: International FinancialProposals Ahead of their TimeEric HelleinerBretton Woods, and the problem of sovereign defaults during theearly phaseJuan Huitzilihuit Flores ZendejasPaths not Taken with the American Payments Imbalance: BureaucraticResponses in the IMF, OECD, and BIS, 1960 to 1971Kathryn LavelleSDRs and Development Finance: Uncovering the Early 1970s DebateAlbertina NaniaA Failed Attempt towards a Multilayered Safety Net: The Asian MonetaryFundFabio MasiniEvolution of Gender and Anti-Discrimination Policies at the InternationalMonetary Fund: A Historical AnalysisSaliha MetinsoyA Critical Road Not Taken? Assessing IMF Inclusive Growth andFrameworks of Technocratic Progressive Taxation in the post-2008 EraMark HibbenLuxembourg’s Role in Forging Post-war Financial Governance:Knowledge, Leadership, DiplomacyElena DanescuThe Governance of the Bretton Woods Institutions: Ambitious but FailedGoals?Susanna Cafaro