Dr. Khaled Ahmed Abuzeid is a graduate of Ain Shams University (1995) and a highly regarded specialist in clinical radiology, with a primary focus on interstitial lung disease (ILD). Over the course of his distinguished career, Dr. Khaled has established himself as a leading authority in ILD diagnosis and management, specializing in the interpretation of chest imaging to provide critical insights into complex respiratory cases.Since 2006, Dr. Khaled has been practicing in Kuwait, with ten years at Chest Disease Hospital and eight years at Aladan Hospital. In addition to his clinical work, Dr. Khaled is an online lecturer for medical colleges in Egypt and a sought-after speaker at educational courses and conferences across Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain. He also shares his expertise globally through his educational YouTube channel and X (formerly Twitter) account.As the author of Challenging Cases in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A High-Resolution CT Approach, Dr. Khaled continues to advance the field of ILD, combining his wealth of experience with a dedication to improving patient outcomes and supporting the medical community through education.

• About the Author Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations CHAPTER 1Approach for Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases 1. Introduction 2. Expert Approach for Professionals in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease (fILD) CHAPTER 2Case Presentations Case 1: 82-Year-Old Female with Bronchial Asthma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 2: 80-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 3: 53-Year-Old Male with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 4: 63-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 5: 67-Year-Old Male Smoker with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 6: 48-Year-Old Male with Antisynthetase Syndrome and ILD Case 7: 88-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 8: 79-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 9: 52-Year-Old Female with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 10: 26-Year-Old Female with Overlap Syndrome (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Polymyositis, and Raynaud’s Phenomenon) Presenting with ILD Case 11: 64-Year-Old Male with ILD Case 12: 55-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 13: 76-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 14: 55-Year-Old Female Non-Smoker with Sarcoidosis Case 15: 28-Year-Old Female with Sarcoidosis Case 16: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisCase 17: 66-Year-Old Male with Sarcoidosis Case 18: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 19: 48-Year-Old Female with Dermatomyositis and ILD Case 20: 45-Year-Old Female with Crohn’s disease and ILD Case 21: 39-Year-Old Female with ILD Case 22: 47-Year-Old Female with Sjögren’s Syndrome and ILD Case 23: 30-Year-Old Female with Scleroderma and ILD Case 24: 74-Year-Old Male Smoker with Non-Resolving Pneumonia Case 25: 40-Year-Old Male Post-COVID Pneumonia Case 26: 36-Year-Old Male with Known ARDS in ICU—Follow-Up HRCT Evaluation Case 27: 53-Year-Old Male Smoker with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Case 28: 82-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 29: 75-Year-Old Male Smoker Case 30: 67-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD CHAPTER 3Interstitial Pneumonias 1. Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-1) 2. Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-2) 3. Organizing Pneumonia (Box 3-3) 4. Respiratory Bronchiolitis–Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 3-4) 5. Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-5) 6. Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-6) 7. Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (Box 3-7) 8. Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-8) 9. Unclassifiable Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-9) Further Reading CHAPTER 4Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases 10. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Box 4-10) 11. Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 4-11.1) 12. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (Box 4-12) 13. Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis 14. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 15. Sarcoidosis 16. Pneumoconiosis 17. Drug-Induced Lung Disease18. Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 19. Post-COVID-19 Fibrosis 20. Post-ARDS Fibrosis Further Reading CHAPTER 5HRCT Features and Signs 21. Honeycombing 22. Traction Bronchiectasis 23. Traction Bronchiolectasis 24. Reticular Opacities 25. Ground-Glass Opacities 26. Architectural Distortion 27. Volume Loss 28. Dendriform Pulmonary Ossification 29. Apicobasal Gradient 30. Peripheral Distribution 31. Bronchocentric Distribution 32. Anterior Upper Lobe Sign 33. Four Corners Sign 34. Straight Edge Sign 35. Exuberant Honeycombing Sign 36. Smoking-Related Emphysema 37. Cicatricial Emphysema 38. Consolidation 39. Cysts40. Nodules 41. Mosaic Attenuation 42. Three-Density Sign43. Immediate Subpleural Sparing 44. Propeller Blade Distribution 45. Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity 46. Intralobular Thickening47. Hexagonal Pattern 48. Platythorax 49. Pleural Thickening 50. Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy Further Reading Index

Dr. Khaled Ahmed Abuzeid is a graduate of Ain Shams University (1995) and a highly regarded specialist in clinical radiology, with a primary focus on interstitial lung disease (ILD). Over the course of his distinguished career, Dr. Khaled has established himself as a leading authority in ILD diagnosis and management, specializing in the interpretation of chest imaging to provide critical insights into complex respiratory cases.Since 2006, Dr. Khaled has been practicing in Kuwait, with ten years at Chest Disease Hospital and eight years at Aladan Hospital. In addition to his clinical work, Dr. Khaled is an online lecturer for medical colleges in Egypt and a sought-after speaker at educational courses and conferences across Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain. He also shares his expertise globally through his educational YouTube channel and X (formerly Twitter) account.As the author of Challenging Cases in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A High-Resolution CT Approach, Dr. Khaled continues to advance the field of ILD, combining his wealth of experience with a dedication to improving patient outcomes and supporting the medical community through education.

• About the Author Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations CHAPTER 1Approach for Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases 1. Introduction 2. Expert Approach for Professionals in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease (fILD) CHAPTER 2Case Presentations Case 1: 82-Year-Old Female with Bronchial Asthma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 2: 80-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 3: 53-Year-Old Male with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 4: 63-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 5: 67-Year-Old Male Smoker with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 6: 48-Year-Old Male with Antisynthetase Syndrome and ILD Case 7: 88-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 8: 79-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 9: 52-Year-Old Female with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 10: 26-Year-Old Female with Overlap Syndrome (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Polymyositis, and Raynaud’s Phenomenon) Presenting with ILD Case 11: 64-Year-Old Male with ILD Case 12: 55-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 13: 76-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 14: 55-Year-Old Female Non-Smoker with Sarcoidosis Case 15: 28-Year-Old Female with Sarcoidosis Case 16: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisCase 17: 66-Year-Old Male with Sarcoidosis Case 18: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 19: 48-Year-Old Female with Dermatomyositis and ILD Case 20: 45-Year-Old Female with Crohn’s disease and ILD Case 21: 39-Year-Old Female with ILD Case 22: 47-Year-Old Female with Sjögren’s Syndrome and ILD Case 23: 30-Year-Old Female with Scleroderma and ILD Case 24: 74-Year-Old Male Smoker with Non-Resolving Pneumonia Case 25: 40-Year-Old Male Post-COVID Pneumonia Case 26: 36-Year-Old Male with Known ARDS in ICU—Follow-Up HRCT Evaluation Case 27: 53-Year-Old Male Smoker with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Case 28: 82-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 29: 75-Year-Old Male Smoker Case 30: 67-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD CHAPTER 3Interstitial Pneumonias 1. Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-1) 2. Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-2) 3. Organizing Pneumonia (Box 3-3) 4. Respiratory Bronchiolitis–Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 3-4) 5. Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-5) 6. Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-6) 7. Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (Box 3-7) 8. Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-8) 9. Unclassifiable Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-9) Further Reading CHAPTER 4Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases 10. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Box 4-10) 11. Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 4-11.1) 12. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (Box 4-12) 13. Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis 14. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 15. Sarcoidosis 16. Pneumoconiosis 17. Drug-Induced Lung Disease18. Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 19. Post-COVID-19 Fibrosis 20. Post-ARDS Fibrosis Further Reading CHAPTER 5HRCT Features and Signs 21. Honeycombing 22. Traction Bronchiectasis 23. Traction Bronchiolectasis 24. Reticular Opacities 25. Ground-Glass Opacities 26. Architectural Distortion 27. Volume Loss 28. Dendriform Pulmonary Ossification 29. Apicobasal Gradient 30. Peripheral Distribution 31. Bronchocentric Distribution 32. Anterior Upper Lobe Sign 33. Four Corners Sign 34. Straight Edge Sign 35. Exuberant Honeycombing Sign 36. Smoking-Related Emphysema 37. Cicatricial Emphysema 38. Consolidation 39. Cysts40. Nodules 41. Mosaic Attenuation 42. Three-Density Sign43. Immediate Subpleural Sparing 44. Propeller Blade Distribution 45. Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity 46. Intralobular Thickening47. Hexagonal Pattern 48. Platythorax 49. Pleural Thickening 50. Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy Further Reading Index

Dr. Khaled Ahmed Abuzeid is a graduate of Ain Shams University (1995) and a highly regarded specialist in clinical radiology, with a primary focus on interstitial lung disease (ILD). Over the course of his distinguished career, Dr. Khaled has established himself as a leading authority in ILD diagnosis and management, specializing in the interpretation of chest imaging to provide critical insights into complex respiratory cases.Since 2006, Dr. Khaled has been practicing in Kuwait, with ten years at Chest Disease Hospital and eight years at Aladan Hospital. In addition to his clinical work, Dr. Khaled is an online lecturer for medical colleges in Egypt and a sought-after speaker at educational courses and conferences across Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain. He also shares his expertise globally through his educational YouTube channel and X (formerly Twitter) account.As the author of Challenging Cases in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A High-Resolution CT Approach, Dr. Khaled continues to advance the field of ILD, combining his wealth of experience with a dedication to improving patient outcomes and supporting the medical community through education.

• About the Author Preface Acknowledgments Abbreviations CHAPTER 1Approach for Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases 1. Introduction 2. Expert Approach for Professionals in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease (fILD) CHAPTER 2Case Presentations Case 1: 82-Year-Old Female with Bronchial Asthma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 2: 80-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 3: 53-Year-Old Male with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 4: 63-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 5: 67-Year-Old Male Smoker with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 6: 48-Year-Old Male with Antisynthetase Syndrome and ILD Case 7: 88-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 8: 79-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD Case 9: 52-Year-Old Female with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 10: 26-Year-Old Female with Overlap Syndrome (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Polymyositis, and Raynaud’s Phenomenon) Presenting with ILD Case 11: 64-Year-Old Male with ILD Case 12: 55-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 13: 76-Year-Old Female with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 14: 55-Year-Old Female Non-Smoker with Sarcoidosis Case 15: 28-Year-Old Female with Sarcoidosis Case 16: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisCase 17: 66-Year-Old Male with Sarcoidosis Case 18: 51-Year-Old Male with a History of Bird Exposure and ILD Case 19: 48-Year-Old Female with Dermatomyositis and ILD Case 20: 45-Year-Old Female with Crohn’s disease and ILD Case 21: 39-Year-Old Female with ILD Case 22: 47-Year-Old Female with Sjögren’s Syndrome and ILD Case 23: 30-Year-Old Female with Scleroderma and ILD Case 24: 74-Year-Old Male Smoker with Non-Resolving Pneumonia Case 25: 40-Year-Old Male Post-COVID Pneumonia Case 26: 36-Year-Old Male with Known ARDS in ICU—Follow-Up HRCT Evaluation Case 27: 53-Year-Old Male Smoker with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Case 28: 82-Year-Old Male with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Case 29: 75-Year-Old Male Smoker Case 30: 67-Year-Old Female with Rheumatoid Arthritis and ILD CHAPTER 3Interstitial Pneumonias 1. Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-1) 2. Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-2) 3. Organizing Pneumonia (Box 3-3) 4. Respiratory Bronchiolitis–Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 3-4) 5. Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-5) 6. Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-6) 7. Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis (Box 3-7) 8. Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-8) 9. Unclassifiable Interstitial Pneumonia (Box 3-9) Further Reading CHAPTER 4Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases 10. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Box 4-10) 11. Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (Box 4-11.1) 12. Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (Box 4-12) 13. Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis 14. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis 15. Sarcoidosis 16. Pneumoconiosis 17. Drug-Induced Lung Disease18. Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis 19. Post-COVID-19 Fibrosis 20. Post-ARDS Fibrosis Further Reading CHAPTER 5HRCT Features and Signs 21. Honeycombing 22. Traction Bronchiectasis 23. Traction Bronchiolectasis 24. Reticular Opacities 25. Ground-Glass Opacities 26. Architectural Distortion 27. Volume Loss 28. Dendriform Pulmonary Ossification 29. Apicobasal Gradient 30. Peripheral Distribution 31. Bronchocentric Distribution 32. Anterior Upper Lobe Sign 33. Four Corners Sign 34. Straight Edge Sign 35. Exuberant Honeycombing Sign 36. Smoking-Related Emphysema 37. Cicatricial Emphysema 38. Consolidation 39. Cysts40. Nodules 41. Mosaic Attenuation 42. Three-Density Sign43. Immediate Subpleural Sparing 44. Propeller Blade Distribution 45. Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneity 46. Intralobular Thickening47. Hexagonal Pattern 48. Platythorax 49. Pleural Thickening 50. Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy Further Reading Index