Sonja Grover is Professor in the Lakehead University Faculty of Education, Ontario, Canada and is an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Human Rights. She has published extensively in various areas of international law including 17 books with two additional forthcoming and scores of peer-reviewed journal articles in this field as well as several book chapters, and guest edited special issues of the International Journal of Human Rights. She has a special interest in children’s fundamental human rights under international law and in the protection of civilians.

• Introduction 1. Enforcing the responsibility to protect through solidarity measures 2. A critical reflection on the conceptual and practical limitations of the responsibility to protect 3. Redefining the responsibility to protect concept as a response to international crimes 4. R2P, Global Governance, and the Syrian refugee crisis 5. The responsibility to engage: cosmopolitan civic engagement and the spread of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine 6. ‘To prevent future Kosovos and future Rwandas.’ A critical constructivist view of the Responsibility to Protect 7. Responsibility to protect and inter-state crises: why and how R2P applies to the case of Gaza 8. R2P and the Syrian crisis: when semantics becomes a matter of life or death 9. Bahrain: an R2P blind spot? 10. The responsibility to protect, the use of force and a permanent United Nations peace service 11. Protecting the world’s most persecuted: the responsibility to protect and Burma’s Rohingya minority 12. Will R2P be ready when disaster strikes? – The rationale of the Responsibility to Protect in an environmental context 13. The responsibility to protect and the lack of intervention in Syria: between the protection of human rights and geopolitical strategies 14. Genocide, obligations erga omnes, and the responsibility to protect: remarks on a complex convergence 15. The ‘deterrent argument’ and the responsibility to protect 16. State collapse, peace enforcement and the responsibility to protect in Somalia 17. Government failure, atrocity crimes and the role of the International Criminal Court: why not Syria, but Libya 18. Responsibility to protect: dead, dying, or thriving? 19. Protecting while not being responsible: the case of Syria and responsibility to protect 20. Responsibility to protect and ‘peacetime atrocities’: the case of North Korea Afterword

Sonja Grover is Professor in the Lakehead University Faculty of Education, Ontario, Canada and is an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Human Rights. She has published extensively in various areas of international law including 17 books with two additional forthcoming and scores of peer-reviewed journal articles in this field as well as several book chapters, and guest edited special issues of the International Journal of Human Rights. She has a special interest in children’s fundamental human rights under international law and in the protection of civilians.

• Introduction 1. Enforcing the responsibility to protect through solidarity measures 2. A critical reflection on the conceptual and practical limitations of the responsibility to protect 3. Redefining the responsibility to protect concept as a response to international crimes 4. R2P, Global Governance, and the Syrian refugee crisis 5. The responsibility to engage: cosmopolitan civic engagement and the spread of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine 6. ‘To prevent future Kosovos and future Rwandas.’ A critical constructivist view of the Responsibility to Protect 7. Responsibility to protect and inter-state crises: why and how R2P applies to the case of Gaza 8. R2P and the Syrian crisis: when semantics becomes a matter of life or death 9. Bahrain: an R2P blind spot? 10. The responsibility to protect, the use of force and a permanent United Nations peace service 11. Protecting the world’s most persecuted: the responsibility to protect and Burma’s Rohingya minority 12. Will R2P be ready when disaster strikes? – The rationale of the Responsibility to Protect in an environmental context 13. The responsibility to protect and the lack of intervention in Syria: between the protection of human rights and geopolitical strategies 14. Genocide, obligations erga omnes, and the responsibility to protect: remarks on a complex convergence 15. The ‘deterrent argument’ and the responsibility to protect 16. State collapse, peace enforcement and the responsibility to protect in Somalia 17. Government failure, atrocity crimes and the role of the International Criminal Court: why not Syria, but Libya 18. Responsibility to protect: dead, dying, or thriving? 19. Protecting while not being responsible: the case of Syria and responsibility to protect 20. Responsibility to protect and ‘peacetime atrocities’: the case of North Korea Afterword

Sonja Grover is Professor in the Lakehead University Faculty of Education, Ontario, Canada and is an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Human Rights. She has published extensively in various areas of international law including 17 books with two additional forthcoming and scores of peer-reviewed journal articles in this field as well as several book chapters, and guest edited special issues of the International Journal of Human Rights. She has a special interest in children’s fundamental human rights under international law and in the protection of civilians.

• Introduction 1. Enforcing the responsibility to protect through solidarity measures 2. A critical reflection on the conceptual and practical limitations of the responsibility to protect 3. Redefining the responsibility to protect concept as a response to international crimes 4. R2P, Global Governance, and the Syrian refugee crisis 5. The responsibility to engage: cosmopolitan civic engagement and the spread of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine 6. ‘To prevent future Kosovos and future Rwandas.’ A critical constructivist view of the Responsibility to Protect 7. Responsibility to protect and inter-state crises: why and how R2P applies to the case of Gaza 8. R2P and the Syrian crisis: when semantics becomes a matter of life or death 9. Bahrain: an R2P blind spot? 10. The responsibility to protect, the use of force and a permanent United Nations peace service 11. Protecting the world’s most persecuted: the responsibility to protect and Burma’s Rohingya minority 12. Will R2P be ready when disaster strikes? – The rationale of the Responsibility to Protect in an environmental context 13. The responsibility to protect and the lack of intervention in Syria: between the protection of human rights and geopolitical strategies 14. Genocide, obligations erga omnes, and the responsibility to protect: remarks on a complex convergence 15. The ‘deterrent argument’ and the responsibility to protect 16. State collapse, peace enforcement and the responsibility to protect in Somalia 17. Government failure, atrocity crimes and the role of the International Criminal Court: why not Syria, but Libya 18. Responsibility to protect: dead, dying, or thriving? 19. Protecting while not being responsible: the case of Syria and responsibility to protect 20. Responsibility to protect and ‘peacetime atrocities’: the case of North Korea Afterword