Erdogan Koc is Professor of Services Marketing and Management at Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye. He received his BA in Communication Studies from the University of Istanbul, MBA from the Cardiff Business School, and PhD in Business and Management from Oxford Brookes University. He has extensively published in top-tier journals, such as Tourism Management, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Current Issues in Psychology, the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, the International Journal of Intercultural Relations, and the Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, among others. He serves on the editorial boards and acts as a referee for several high-ranking journals. He has published three books and more than 20 chapters in the area of tourism and hospitality. As well as his research and academic experience, he provides company training for a wide range of businesses, and has management experience with reputable brands. Professor Koc was ranked by Stanford University among the most influential scientists in the world both in 2023 and 2024.

• 1.Introduction: international and global nature of tourism and hospitality. 2.Culture: a cross-cultural perspective. 3.Intercultural competence, intercultural sensitivity, and cultural intelligence. 4.Culture and context in communication. 5.The influence of indulgence and restraint on tourism and hospitality. 6.Power distance as a cultural variable. 7.Uncertainty avoidance as a cultural variable. 8.Masculinity versus femininity, gender egalitarianism, and assertiveness. 9.The influence of individualism and collectivism on tourism and hospitality. 10.Performance and humane orientation as cultural variables. 11.Time orientation as a cultural variable. 12.A review of Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s cultural dimensions. 13.Cross-cultural aspects of sustainability in tourism and hospitality. 14.Cross-cultural aspects of tourism and hospitality in Asia-Pacific region: East and Southeast Asia and Australia. 15.Conclusions.

Erdogan Koc is Professor of Services Marketing and Management at Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye. He received his BA in Communication Studies from the University of Istanbul, MBA from the Cardiff Business School, and PhD in Business and Management from Oxford Brookes University. He has extensively published in top-tier journals, such as Tourism Management, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Current Issues in Psychology, the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, the International Journal of Intercultural Relations, and the Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, among others. He serves on the editorial boards and acts as a referee for several high-ranking journals. He has published three books and more than 20 chapters in the area of tourism and hospitality. As well as his research and academic experience, he provides company training for a wide range of businesses, and has management experience with reputable brands. Professor Koc was ranked by Stanford University among the most influential scientists in the world both in 2023 and 2024.

• 1.Introduction: international and global nature of tourism and hospitality. 2.Culture: a cross-cultural perspective. 3.Intercultural competence, intercultural sensitivity, and cultural intelligence. 4.Culture and context in communication. 5.The influence of indulgence and restraint on tourism and hospitality. 6.Power distance as a cultural variable. 7.Uncertainty avoidance as a cultural variable. 8.Masculinity versus femininity, gender egalitarianism, and assertiveness. 9.The influence of individualism and collectivism on tourism and hospitality. 10.Performance and humane orientation as cultural variables. 11.Time orientation as a cultural variable. 12.A review of Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s cultural dimensions. 13.Cross-cultural aspects of sustainability in tourism and hospitality. 14.Cross-cultural aspects of tourism and hospitality in Asia-Pacific region: East and Southeast Asia and Australia. 15.Conclusions.

Erdogan Koc is Professor of Services Marketing and Management at Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye. He received his BA in Communication Studies from the University of Istanbul, MBA from the Cardiff Business School, and PhD in Business and Management from Oxford Brookes University. He has extensively published in top-tier journals, such as Tourism Management, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Current Issues in Psychology, the Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, the International Journal of Intercultural Relations, and the Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, among others. He serves on the editorial boards and acts as a referee for several high-ranking journals. He has published three books and more than 20 chapters in the area of tourism and hospitality. As well as his research and academic experience, he provides company training for a wide range of businesses, and has management experience with reputable brands. Professor Koc was ranked by Stanford University among the most influential scientists in the world both in 2023 and 2024.

• 1.Introduction: international and global nature of tourism and hospitality. 2.Culture: a cross-cultural perspective. 3.Intercultural competence, intercultural sensitivity, and cultural intelligence. 4.Culture and context in communication. 5.The influence of indulgence and restraint on tourism and hospitality. 6.Power distance as a cultural variable. 7.Uncertainty avoidance as a cultural variable. 8.Masculinity versus femininity, gender egalitarianism, and assertiveness. 9.The influence of individualism and collectivism on tourism and hospitality. 10.Performance and humane orientation as cultural variables. 11.Time orientation as a cultural variable. 12.A review of Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s cultural dimensions. 13.Cross-cultural aspects of sustainability in tourism and hospitality. 14.Cross-cultural aspects of tourism and hospitality in Asia-Pacific region: East and Southeast Asia and Australia. 15.Conclusions.