Edited by Ben Wagner, TU Delft and Inholland University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, the Netherlands, Matthias C. Kettemann, Department of Theory and Future of Law, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Kilian Vieth-Ditlmann, AlgorithmWatch, Berlin, Germany and Susannah Montgomery, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, the Netherlands

‘Unlike other Research Handbooks that primarily adopt theoretical approaches, this collection of papers effectively bridges the gap between theoretical insights and practical applications, which is to be welcomed. [...] Moreover, its cross-disciplinary approach, incorporating perspectives from law, political science, sociology and cultural studies, enhances its relevance in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.’

• ContentsIntroduction to the Research Handbook on Human Rights and Digital Technology 1Ben Wagner, Matthias C. Kettemann, Kilian Vieth-Ditlmann and Susannah MontgomeryPART I CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO HUMAN RIGHTS ANDDIGITAL TECHNOLOGY1 Sustaining human rights for internet futures 5M.I. Franklin2 There are no rights ‘in’ cyberspace 26Mark Graham3 Beyond national security, the emergence of a digital reason of state(s)led by transnational guilds of sensitive information: the case of the FiveEyes Plus network 35Didier Bigo4 Online platforms, intermediary responsibility, and human rights: digitalcopyright as a site of multiple contestations in the EU 54Benjamin FarrandPART II SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: BETWEENCYBERSECURITY AND CYBERCRIME5 Cybersecurity and human rights 70Myriam Dunn Cavelty and Camino Kavanagh6 Cybercrime, human rights and digital politics 94Dominik Brodowski7 ‘This is not a drill’: international law and protection of cybersecurity 111Matthias C. Kettemann and Martin Müller8 First do no harm: the potential of harm being caused to fundamentalrights and freedoms by state cybersecurity interventions 127Douwe KorffPART III INTERNET ACCESS AND SURVEILLANCE: ASSESSINGHUMAN RIGHTS IN PRACTICE9 Relying on digital principles to complement existing rights: a humanrights assessment of the 2022 European Declaration on Digital Rightsand Principles 168Cristina Cocito and Paul De Hert10 Surveillance reform: revealing surveillance harms and engaging reform tactics 193Evan Light and Jonathan A. ObarPART IV AUTOMATION, TRADE AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION:EMBEDDING RIGHTS IN TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE11 Liability and automation in socio-technical systems 222Giuseppe Contissa and Giovanni Sartor12 Digital technologies, human rights and global trade? Expanding exportcontrols of surveillance technologies in Europe, China and India 243Ben Wagner and Stéphanie Horth13 Policing ‘online radicalization’: the framing of Europol’s Internet Referral Unit 263Kilian Vieth-DitlmannPART V ACTORS’ PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN RIGHTS: HOWCAN CHANGE HAPPEN?14 When private actors govern human rights 290Rikke Frank Jørgensen15 International organizations and digital human rights 311Wolfgang Benedek16 Recognizing children’s rights in relation to the digital environment:challenges of voice and evidence, principle and practice 327Amanda Third, Sonia Livingstone and Gerison Lansdown17 Silencing identities: LGBTI rights in the digital age 363Monika Zalnieriute18 Digital cultural sovereignty: navigating the digital landscape ofEuropean Cultural Heritage Institutions with a decolonial lens 391Susannah Montgomery and Ben Wagner

Edited by Ben Wagner, TU Delft and Inholland University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, the Netherlands, Matthias C. Kettemann, Department of Theory and Future of Law, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Kilian Vieth-Ditlmann, AlgorithmWatch, Berlin, Germany and Susannah Montgomery, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, the Netherlands

‘Unlike other Research Handbooks that primarily adopt theoretical approaches, this collection of papers effectively bridges the gap between theoretical insights and practical applications, which is to be welcomed. [...] Moreover, its cross-disciplinary approach, incorporating perspectives from law, political science, sociology and cultural studies, enhances its relevance in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.’

• ContentsIntroduction to the Research Handbook on Human Rights and Digital Technology 1Ben Wagner, Matthias C. Kettemann, Kilian Vieth-Ditlmann and Susannah MontgomeryPART I CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO HUMAN RIGHTS ANDDIGITAL TECHNOLOGY1 Sustaining human rights for internet futures 5M.I. Franklin2 There are no rights ‘in’ cyberspace 26Mark Graham3 Beyond national security, the emergence of a digital reason of state(s)led by transnational guilds of sensitive information: the case of the FiveEyes Plus network 35Didier Bigo4 Online platforms, intermediary responsibility, and human rights: digitalcopyright as a site of multiple contestations in the EU 54Benjamin FarrandPART II SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: BETWEENCYBERSECURITY AND CYBERCRIME5 Cybersecurity and human rights 70Myriam Dunn Cavelty and Camino Kavanagh6 Cybercrime, human rights and digital politics 94Dominik Brodowski7 ‘This is not a drill’: international law and protection of cybersecurity 111Matthias C. Kettemann and Martin Müller8 First do no harm: the potential of harm being caused to fundamentalrights and freedoms by state cybersecurity interventions 127Douwe KorffPART III INTERNET ACCESS AND SURVEILLANCE: ASSESSINGHUMAN RIGHTS IN PRACTICE9 Relying on digital principles to complement existing rights: a humanrights assessment of the 2022 European Declaration on Digital Rightsand Principles 168Cristina Cocito and Paul De Hert10 Surveillance reform: revealing surveillance harms and engaging reform tactics 193Evan Light and Jonathan A. ObarPART IV AUTOMATION, TRADE AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION:EMBEDDING RIGHTS IN TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE11 Liability and automation in socio-technical systems 222Giuseppe Contissa and Giovanni Sartor12 Digital technologies, human rights and global trade? Expanding exportcontrols of surveillance technologies in Europe, China and India 243Ben Wagner and Stéphanie Horth13 Policing ‘online radicalization’: the framing of Europol’s Internet Referral Unit 263Kilian Vieth-DitlmannPART V ACTORS’ PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN RIGHTS: HOWCAN CHANGE HAPPEN?14 When private actors govern human rights 290Rikke Frank Jørgensen15 International organizations and digital human rights 311Wolfgang Benedek16 Recognizing children’s rights in relation to the digital environment:challenges of voice and evidence, principle and practice 327Amanda Third, Sonia Livingstone and Gerison Lansdown17 Silencing identities: LGBTI rights in the digital age 363Monika Zalnieriute18 Digital cultural sovereignty: navigating the digital landscape ofEuropean Cultural Heritage Institutions with a decolonial lens 391Susannah Montgomery and Ben Wagner

Edited by Ben Wagner, TU Delft and Inholland University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, the Netherlands, Matthias C. Kettemann, Department of Theory and Future of Law, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Kilian Vieth-Ditlmann, AlgorithmWatch, Berlin, Germany and Susannah Montgomery, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, the Netherlands

‘Unlike other Research Handbooks that primarily adopt theoretical approaches, this collection of papers effectively bridges the gap between theoretical insights and practical applications, which is to be welcomed. [...] Moreover, its cross-disciplinary approach, incorporating perspectives from law, political science, sociology and cultural studies, enhances its relevance in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.’

• ContentsIntroduction to the Research Handbook on Human Rights and Digital Technology 1Ben Wagner, Matthias C. Kettemann, Kilian Vieth-Ditlmann and Susannah MontgomeryPART I CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO HUMAN RIGHTS ANDDIGITAL TECHNOLOGY1 Sustaining human rights for internet futures 5M.I. Franklin2 There are no rights ‘in’ cyberspace 26Mark Graham3 Beyond national security, the emergence of a digital reason of state(s)led by transnational guilds of sensitive information: the case of the FiveEyes Plus network 35Didier Bigo4 Online platforms, intermediary responsibility, and human rights: digitalcopyright as a site of multiple contestations in the EU 54Benjamin FarrandPART II SECURITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS: BETWEENCYBERSECURITY AND CYBERCRIME5 Cybersecurity and human rights 70Myriam Dunn Cavelty and Camino Kavanagh6 Cybercrime, human rights and digital politics 94Dominik Brodowski7 ‘This is not a drill’: international law and protection of cybersecurity 111Matthias C. Kettemann and Martin Müller8 First do no harm: the potential of harm being caused to fundamentalrights and freedoms by state cybersecurity interventions 127Douwe KorffPART III INTERNET ACCESS AND SURVEILLANCE: ASSESSINGHUMAN RIGHTS IN PRACTICE9 Relying on digital principles to complement existing rights: a humanrights assessment of the 2022 European Declaration on Digital Rightsand Principles 168Cristina Cocito and Paul De Hert10 Surveillance reform: revealing surveillance harms and engaging reform tactics 193Evan Light and Jonathan A. ObarPART IV AUTOMATION, TRADE AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION:EMBEDDING RIGHTS IN TECHNOLOGY GOVERNANCE11 Liability and automation in socio-technical systems 222Giuseppe Contissa and Giovanni Sartor12 Digital technologies, human rights and global trade? Expanding exportcontrols of surveillance technologies in Europe, China and India 243Ben Wagner and Stéphanie Horth13 Policing ‘online radicalization’: the framing of Europol’s Internet Referral Unit 263Kilian Vieth-DitlmannPART V ACTORS’ PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN RIGHTS: HOWCAN CHANGE HAPPEN?14 When private actors govern human rights 290Rikke Frank Jørgensen15 International organizations and digital human rights 311Wolfgang Benedek16 Recognizing children’s rights in relation to the digital environment:challenges of voice and evidence, principle and practice 327Amanda Third, Sonia Livingstone and Gerison Lansdown17 Silencing identities: LGBTI rights in the digital age 363Monika Zalnieriute18 Digital cultural sovereignty: navigating the digital landscape ofEuropean Cultural Heritage Institutions with a decolonial lens 391Susannah Montgomery and Ben Wagner