Elgar Encyclopedia of Gender and Politics

Edited by Zoe Lefkofridi, Professor of Politics and Gender, Diversity and Equality, Department of Political Science, University of Salzburg, Austria

‘Ambitious and remarkably clear in execution, this timely Encyclopedia offers a panoramic, analytically sharp guide to the concepts, methods, and debates shaping gender and politics—a reference that connects foundational theory to present-day challenges, from representation and institutions to backlash, violence, and intersectional inequalities.’

• ContentsPreface xList of contributors xii Introduction: foundations of gender and politics 1Zoe Lefkofridi1 Abortion discourses and policies 5Saphronia Carson and Deborah L. Billings2 African feminisms 11Tomi Adeaga3 Antifeminist backlash 17Ana Maria Miranda Mora4 Anti-gender campaigns 25David Paternotte5 Approaches to measurement and analysis of intersectionality in survey research: strengths and blind spots 30Vera Beloshitzkaya, Ana Maria Miranda Mora, Enikő �Anna Virágh, and Zoe Lefkofridi6 Black feminisms 38Tomi Adeaga7 Care, reproductive labour, and politics 43Elena Zacharenko8 Conservative movements and motherhood in the U.S. 47Shauna Shames and Malliga Och9 Digital dimension of violence against women 54Leda Kuneva and Gergana Tzvetkova10 Ecofeminism 62Barbara Helfferich and Valentina Maglietta11 Electoral campaigns and gender 66Emilia Belknap12 Feminism: first, second, and third wave 72Sabine Veits-Falk13 Feminism: fourth wave 79Ruth Phillips14 Feminism and public opinion 85Nerea Gándara-Guerra15 Feminist democratic representation and feminist democratic design 91Karen Celis and Sarah Childs16 Feminist disability studies 95Magda Szarota and Natalia Pamula17 Feminist governance 101Marian Sawer18 Feminist political thought 107Francesca Cesarano and Elena Icardi19 Feminist state theory 113Stefanie Wöhl20 Feminist triangles 117Isabel Hernandez Pepe21 Gender and attitudes towards reconciliation in post-conflict 121Paula Zuluaga and Adriana Gaviria22 Gender and capitalism 128Katrine Ploug Petersen, Colm Flaherty, and Laura Horn23 Gender and citizenship: intersectional and transnational perspectives 133Birte Siim24 Gender and class 140Katrine Ploug Petersen, Colm Flaherty, and Laura Horn25 Gender and climate change activism 145Daniela Chironi26 Gender and climate concern: why do we see gendered differences? 152Robert A. Huber27 Gender and displacement 156Sandra Pertek28 Gender and economic inequality 161Katrine Ploug Petersen, Colm Flaherty, and Laura Horn29 Gender and illiberalism 165Alina Dragolea and Andrea Pető30 Gender and media 172Ricarda Drüeke31 Gender and migration: towards critical gender lenses in studying migration with plural epistemologie 179Kyoko Shinozaki32 Gender and nationalism 183Zsuzsanna Vidra33 Gender and polarization 187Alejandro Tirado Castro34 Gender and political ambition 192Meryl Kenny35 Gender and public policy 197Ana Ballesteros-Pena and Paloma Caravantes36 Gender and religion 203Anna-Katharina Höpflinger37 Gender and right-wing populism 206Elżbieta Korolczuk38 Gender and the media coverage of politicians 213Daphne Van der Pas, Loes Aaldering, and Tobias Rohrbach39 Gender and the radical right 218Terri E. Givens and Keziah Brothers40 Gender budgeting 221Costanza Hermanin41 Gender differences in institutional political participation 228Nadine Zwiener-Collins42 Gender differences in political knowledge 232Jessica Fortin-Rittberger and Lena Ramstetter43 Gender equality indices 238Davide Barbieri, Jolanta Reingarde, and Irene Rioboo Leston44 Gender gap in political interest 242Marta Fraile45 Gender gaps in non-institutional political participation 248Viktoria Jansesberger46 Gender impact assessment: from transformative strategy to technical exercise 252Costanza Hermanin and Marina Rallo47 Gender justice 258Nikita Dhawan48 Gender mainstreaming in the EU 261Matilde Ceron49 Gender quotas 266Ana Catalano Weeks50 Gender role attitudes 271Vera Beloshitzkaya51 Gender role questions in comparative European surveys: strengths and limitations 277Kristi Winters, Juno Juliane Reichelt, and Alexia Katsanidou52 Gender stereotypes and political communication 285Kelly L. Winfrey and James M. Schnoebelen53 Gender, autocracy, and democracy in postcommunist states 291Katalin Fábián54 Gender, peace and conflict 297Rina Malagayo Alluri55 Gender, race, and food activism 304K. Melchor Quick Hall56 Gendered career paths? Horizontal gender segregation in education and the labor market 309Lara Zwittlinger57 Gendered party organizational structures 315Netty Herawaty and Miki Caul Kittilson58 Gendered policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic 319Matilde Ceron59 Gendered political institutions 323Meryl Kenny, Josefina Erikson, and Cecilia Josefsson60 Gendered violence against politicians 329Sandra Håkansson61 Gender-responsive public procurement in the European Union 334Helena Morais Maceira, Monica Zumalacarregui Martinez, and Eusko Jaurlaritza62 Inclusive leadership (IL) 339Birgit Breninger63 Men and feminism 346Jeff Hearn, Matthias Luterbach, and Anika Thym64 Methods in gender and politics 353Vera Beloshitzkaya65 Online spaces for feminist actors 359Rebekka Kesberg66 Orientations towards politics: gender differences in political efficacy 365Nadine Zwiener-Collins67 Party membership and affiliation: beyond the ‘old white men’ 369Karina Kosiara-Pedersen68 Political socialization 373Mathilde M. van Ditmars69 Politics of gender and diversity 378Monika Mokre70 Politics of intersectionality and the study of violence 384Nadia E. Brown, Liza Mügge, Paru Shah, Cecilia Ritacco, and Myrte van der Zwet71 Politics, gender equality, and the European Union 391Agnès Hubert and Sophie Jacquot72 Populism and feminist politics 397Francesca Feo and Paloma Caravantes73 Queer activism: from the fringes to the center of society 404Michael Hunklinger74 Queer theory 409Randi Gressgård75 Sex, gender, and voting behaviour 414Emilia Belknap76 The coloniality of gender 419Syntia Hasenöhrl77 The manosphere and anti-gender backlash on social media 425Malin Holm78 The political behavior of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and trans+ people 430Michal Grahn and L. Constantin Wurthmann79 The role of political parties for women’s parliamentary representation 435Pamela Pansardi80 Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation 440Lucrecia Rubio Grundell81 Trans* politics 447Maryana Balezina82 Trial by media and its relevance for gender-based violence 450Enikő �Anna Virágh83 Women and leadership in the executive 455Henriette Müller84 Women and men in decision-making 461Monica Zumalacarregui Martinez and Ligia Nobrega85 Women in local and state politics 466Lena Wängnerud86 Women’s pathways to power 470Ragnhild Louise Muriaas and Francesca Feo