Edited by Gitta Veldt, Kimia Heidary and Vanessa Mak, Leiden University, the Netherlands

‘What an important book! At last, serious academic and scientific discussion is beginning on the significance of empirical research and methodology in European consumer law and European consumer policy. The book wonderfully combines methodological and theoretical questions with highly concrete, top-relevant empirical evidence and recommendations for change.’

• ContentsContributors vii1 An introduction to Empirics and Consumer Law in ChangingMarkets 1Gitta Veldt, Kimia Heidary and Vanessa Mak2 Policy-driven empirical research in EU consumer law 23Anne-Lise Sibony3 The edge of empiricism in European consumer law andpolicy: proposing a framework for the assessment of scientificevidence 44Catalina Goanta4 Ensuring compliance in the digital age: a data-drivenapproach to EU consumer contract law 62Felix Pflücke5 Consumers, online environments, and privacy 76Przemysław Pałka6 Sharing others’ data in consumer transactions 92Franziska Weber7 Empirical insights into personalized pricing 106Fabrizio Esposito, Mateusz Grochowski and Kimia Heidary8 Empirical research to better inform product safety andproduct liability regarding liable economic operators ine-commerce 132Gitta Veldt9 Enhancing access to digital goods and services for consumerswith disabilities: the transformative and yet untappedpotential of the European Accessibility Act 159Delia Ferri10 Consumers and digital conflict resolution: consideringdimensions of access to justice 176Naomi Creutzfeldt

Edited by Gitta Veldt, Kimia Heidary and Vanessa Mak, Leiden University, the Netherlands

‘What an important book! At last, serious academic and scientific discussion is beginning on the significance of empirical research and methodology in European consumer law and European consumer policy. The book wonderfully combines methodological and theoretical questions with highly concrete, top-relevant empirical evidence and recommendations for change.’

• ContentsContributors vii1 An introduction to Empirics and Consumer Law in ChangingMarkets 1Gitta Veldt, Kimia Heidary and Vanessa Mak2 Policy-driven empirical research in EU consumer law 23Anne-Lise Sibony3 The edge of empiricism in European consumer law andpolicy: proposing a framework for the assessment of scientificevidence 44Catalina Goanta4 Ensuring compliance in the digital age: a data-drivenapproach to EU consumer contract law 62Felix Pflücke5 Consumers, online environments, and privacy 76Przemysław Pałka6 Sharing others’ data in consumer transactions 92Franziska Weber7 Empirical insights into personalized pricing 106Fabrizio Esposito, Mateusz Grochowski and Kimia Heidary8 Empirical research to better inform product safety andproduct liability regarding liable economic operators ine-commerce 132Gitta Veldt9 Enhancing access to digital goods and services for consumerswith disabilities: the transformative and yet untappedpotential of the European Accessibility Act 159Delia Ferri10 Consumers and digital conflict resolution: consideringdimensions of access to justice 176Naomi Creutzfeldt

Edited by Gitta Veldt, Kimia Heidary and Vanessa Mak, Leiden University, the Netherlands

‘What an important book! At last, serious academic and scientific discussion is beginning on the significance of empirical research and methodology in European consumer law and European consumer policy. The book wonderfully combines methodological and theoretical questions with highly concrete, top-relevant empirical evidence and recommendations for change.’

• ContentsContributors vii1 An introduction to Empirics and Consumer Law in ChangingMarkets 1Gitta Veldt, Kimia Heidary and Vanessa Mak2 Policy-driven empirical research in EU consumer law 23Anne-Lise Sibony3 The edge of empiricism in European consumer law andpolicy: proposing a framework for the assessment of scientificevidence 44Catalina Goanta4 Ensuring compliance in the digital age: a data-drivenapproach to EU consumer contract law 62Felix Pflücke5 Consumers, online environments, and privacy 76Przemysław Pałka6 Sharing others’ data in consumer transactions 92Franziska Weber7 Empirical insights into personalized pricing 106Fabrizio Esposito, Mateusz Grochowski and Kimia Heidary8 Empirical research to better inform product safety andproduct liability regarding liable economic operators ine-commerce 132Gitta Veldt9 Enhancing access to digital goods and services for consumerswith disabilities: the transformative and yet untappedpotential of the European Accessibility Act 159Delia Ferri10 Consumers and digital conflict resolution: consideringdimensions of access to justice 176Naomi Creutzfeldt