Media Freedom in an Evolving Journalism Landscape

Jingrong Tong is a Senior Lecturer in Media and Information Studies at the University of Sheffield, UK.

• Introduction Part 1: Defining journalism and Measuring Media Freedom 1. Defining Journalism: how a new approach could transform press freedom; 2. Impunity for human rights violations against journalists: challenges of measurement and pathways to strengthen empirical knowledge; 3. Measuring the agenda in the Russian news media: the Navalny Censorship Index Part 2: Media Freedom in Democratic Countries 4. No Longer the Land of the Free, But Increasingly the Home of the Brave: Press Freedom in the United States; 5. Media freedom in the United Kingdom; 6. The Exception to the Rule? Reporting on the European Convention on Human Rights and protection of media freedom in the UK press; 7. Threats to press freedom and journalistic resistance in Southern European countries during COVID-19: The cases of Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus and Malta; 8. Conceptualising the Nature and Dimensions of Hateful Harassment on Journalists amid Germany’s Far-Right Surge; 9. Media Freedom in Japan: Institutional Resilience, Democratic Stability, and Digital Disruption; 10. The Controlled Watchdog: Media Freedom in Trinidad and Tobago; 11. Regulatory Manipulation from Dictatorship to Democracy: The Media, Regulation and Politics in The Gambia Part 3: Media Freedom in Authoritarian or Hybrid States 12. When even exile is unsafe: the rise of transnational repression of journalists; 13. Fragmented Futures: The Impact of Internet Shutdowns and Censorship in the Global South on Global Digital Governance; 14. The Rise of Digital Authoritarianism in Türkiye and Media Freedom Under Siege; 15. Who Decides? How and why? Legislation and Media Freedom in the Middle East; 16. Media freedom in Algeria’s political and legal contexts; 17. Dialogue Earth in China: Adaptation to push the boundary of environmental journalism; Conclusion