Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz is the director of and a research professor at the Institute for Legal Studies, ELTE Centre for Social Sciences, and professor of public law at ELTE Law School, Budapest, Hungary.Zoltán Szente is a research professor at the Institute for Legal Studies, ELTE Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.

• 1. Introduction: Constitutional Interpretation and Emergencies in Europe, Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz and Zoltán Szente; 2. Have the German courts been too deferential in their COVID cases?, Anna-Bettina Kaiser; 3. Keeping Balance in the Pandemic: Constitutional Interpretation in Times of Emergency in Austria, Konrad Lachmayer; 4. Constitutional Interpretation in States of Emergency in Italy, Cesare Pinelli; 5. Constitutional Interpretation in Emergency in Spain, Francisco Balaguer Callejón; 6. The COVID-19 case law of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court, Vaidotas A. Vaičaitis; 7. Legal Interpretation in Times of Crisis: How Polish Courts Navigate States of Emergency, Monika Florczak-Wątor; 8. Constitutional Interpretation in Emergencies in the Czech Republic: Searching for an Adequate Level of Judicial Deference to the Executive, Pavel Ondřejek; 9. Instrumental Constitutionalism: The Strategic Use of Interpretation by the Hungarian Constitutional Court under a Special Legal Order, Zoltán Szente and Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz; 10. Constitutional Interpretation in Emergencies in Romania, Bianca Selejan-Guțan; 11. Constitutional interpretation in emergencies: Croatia, Djordje Gardasevic; 12. The Court of Justice of the European Union in Times of Crisis: A Study of Emergency Interpretation, Claudia Cinnirella; 13. Derogations and Beyond: The European Court of Human Rights' response to Emergencies, Alan Greene; 14. Conclusion: Constitutional Interpretation in Times of Crisis in Europe, Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz and Zoltán Szente.

Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz is the director of and a research professor at the Institute for Legal Studies, ELTE Centre for Social Sciences, and professor of public law at ELTE Law School, Budapest, Hungary.Zoltán Szente is a research professor at the Institute for Legal Studies, ELTE Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.

• 1. Introduction: Constitutional Interpretation and Emergencies in Europe, Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz and Zoltán Szente; 2. Have the German courts been too deferential in their COVID cases?, Anna-Bettina Kaiser; 3. Keeping Balance in the Pandemic: Constitutional Interpretation in Times of Emergency in Austria, Konrad Lachmayer; 4. Constitutional Interpretation in States of Emergency in Italy, Cesare Pinelli; 5. Constitutional Interpretation in Emergency in Spain, Francisco Balaguer Callejón; 6. The COVID-19 case law of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court, Vaidotas A. Vaičaitis; 7. Legal Interpretation in Times of Crisis: How Polish Courts Navigate States of Emergency, Monika Florczak-Wątor; 8. Constitutional Interpretation in Emergencies in the Czech Republic: Searching for an Adequate Level of Judicial Deference to the Executive, Pavel Ondřejek; 9. Instrumental Constitutionalism: The Strategic Use of Interpretation by the Hungarian Constitutional Court under a Special Legal Order, Zoltán Szente and Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz; 10. Constitutional Interpretation in Emergencies in Romania, Bianca Selejan-Guțan; 11. Constitutional interpretation in emergencies: Croatia, Djordje Gardasevic; 12. The Court of Justice of the European Union in Times of Crisis: A Study of Emergency Interpretation, Claudia Cinnirella; 13. Derogations and Beyond: The European Court of Human Rights' response to Emergencies, Alan Greene; 14. Conclusion: Constitutional Interpretation in Times of Crisis in Europe, Fruzsina Gárdos-Orosz and Zoltán Szente.