Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field.

• PART ONE General SurveyRussian and Turkish Involvement in the South Caucasus since 1991VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN Economies of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANDERS ÅSLUND Poverty, Inequality and Social Welfare in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANN-MARI SÄTRE Central Asia Under Multiple CrisesPAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA, PÁL DUNAY, COLLEEN WOOD and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIA. The Economic Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the South Caucasus and Central AisaROBERT E. LOONEY Climate Change and its Mitigation in Eastern Europe, Russia and the South CaucasusPÁL DUNAY and AIDA AIDAROVA Appendix: The Religions of the Region PART TWO Country Survey Sections on geography (with map), history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country. ARMENIAHistory VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYANEconomy ARUSYAK ALEKSANYAN AZERBAIJANHistory ERIC LEPISTOEconomy YUNIS SHARIFLIAutonomous Republic: Naxçıvan BELARUSHistory ANDREW RYDEREconomy ANDREW RYDER GEORGIAHistory RICK FAWNEconomy ROBERT E. LOONEYAutonomous Republic: AjaraGeorgian Secessionist Territories: Abkhazia, South Ossetia KAZAKHSTANHistory PÁL DUNAY and PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI and PÁL DUNAY KYRGYZSTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI MOLDOVAHistory ION MARANDICIEconomy KAMIL CAŁUSAutonomous Territory: GagauziaMoldovan Secessionist Territory: Transnistria THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONHistory RASMUS NILSSONEconomy RICHARD CONNOLLY (revised for this edition by the editorial staff)Members of the Russian Federation, grouped by: Central Federal Okrug, North-Western Federal Okrug, Southern Federal Okrug, North Caucasus Federal Okrug, Volga Federal Okrug, Urals Federal Okrug, Siberian Federal Okrug, Far Eastern Federal Okrug; Other territories claimed by the Russian Federation TAJIKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIAutonomous Province: Kuhistoni Badakhshon TURKMENISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI UKRAINEHistory TARAS KUZIOEconomy TARAS KUZIODisputed Territories UZBEKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI and RAISSA MUHUTDINOVAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHISovereign Republic: Qoraqalpog‘iston PART THREE Who’s Who of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia PART FOUR Regional InformationREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTESSELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field.

• PART ONE General SurveyRussian and Turkish Involvement in the South Caucasus since 1991VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN Economies of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANDERS ÅSLUND Poverty, Inequality and Social Welfare in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANN-MARI SÄTRE Central Asia Under Multiple CrisesPAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA, PÁL DUNAY, COLLEEN WOOD and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIA. The Economic Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the South Caucasus and Central AisaROBERT E. LOONEY Climate Change and its Mitigation in Eastern Europe, Russia and the South CaucasusPÁL DUNAY and AIDA AIDAROVA Appendix: The Religions of the Region PART TWO Country Survey Sections on geography (with map), history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country. ARMENIAHistory VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYANEconomy ARUSYAK ALEKSANYAN AZERBAIJANHistory ERIC LEPISTOEconomy YUNIS SHARIFLIAutonomous Republic: Naxçıvan BELARUSHistory ANDREW RYDEREconomy ANDREW RYDER GEORGIAHistory RICK FAWNEconomy ROBERT E. LOONEYAutonomous Republic: AjaraGeorgian Secessionist Territories: Abkhazia, South Ossetia KAZAKHSTANHistory PÁL DUNAY and PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI and PÁL DUNAY KYRGYZSTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI MOLDOVAHistory ION MARANDICIEconomy KAMIL CAŁUSAutonomous Territory: GagauziaMoldovan Secessionist Territory: Transnistria THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONHistory RASMUS NILSSONEconomy RICHARD CONNOLLY (revised for this edition by the editorial staff)Members of the Russian Federation, grouped by: Central Federal Okrug, North-Western Federal Okrug, Southern Federal Okrug, North Caucasus Federal Okrug, Volga Federal Okrug, Urals Federal Okrug, Siberian Federal Okrug, Far Eastern Federal Okrug; Other territories claimed by the Russian Federation TAJIKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIAutonomous Province: Kuhistoni Badakhshon TURKMENISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI UKRAINEHistory TARAS KUZIOEconomy TARAS KUZIODisputed Territories UZBEKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI and RAISSA MUHUTDINOVAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHISovereign Republic: Qoraqalpog‘iston PART THREE Who’s Who of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia PART FOUR Regional InformationREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTESSELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field.

• PART ONE General SurveyRussian and Turkish Involvement in the South Caucasus since 1991VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN Economies of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANDERS ÅSLUND Poverty, Inequality and Social Welfare in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central AsiaANN-MARI SÄTRE Central Asia Under Multiple CrisesPAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA, PÁL DUNAY, COLLEEN WOOD and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIA. The Economic Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the South Caucasus and Central AisaROBERT E. LOONEY Climate Change and its Mitigation in Eastern Europe, Russia and the South CaucasusPÁL DUNAY and AIDA AIDAROVA Appendix: The Religions of the Region PART TWO Country Survey Sections on geography (with map), history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country. ARMENIAHistory VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYANEconomy ARUSYAK ALEKSANYAN AZERBAIJANHistory ERIC LEPISTOEconomy YUNIS SHARIFLIAutonomous Republic: Naxçıvan BELARUSHistory ANDREW RYDEREconomy ANDREW RYDER GEORGIAHistory RICK FAWNEconomy ROBERT E. LOONEYAutonomous Republic: AjaraGeorgian Secessionist Territories: Abkhazia, South Ossetia KAZAKHSTANHistory PÁL DUNAY and PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI and PÁL DUNAY KYRGYZSTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI MOLDOVAHistory ION MARANDICIEconomy KAMIL CAŁUSAutonomous Territory: GagauziaMoldovan Secessionist Territory: Transnistria THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONHistory RASMUS NILSSONEconomy RICHARD CONNOLLY (revised for this edition by the editorial staff)Members of the Russian Federation, grouped by: Central Federal Okrug, North-Western Federal Okrug, Southern Federal Okrug, North Caucasus Federal Okrug, Volga Federal Okrug, Urals Federal Okrug, Siberian Federal Okrug, Far Eastern Federal Okrug; Other territories claimed by the Russian Federation TAJIKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHIEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHIAutonomous Province: Kuhistoni Badakhshon TURKMENISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHI UKRAINEHistory TARAS KUZIOEconomy TARAS KUZIODisputed Territories UZBEKISTANHistory PAYÁM FOROUGHI and RAISSA MUHUTDINOVAEconomy PAYÁM FOROUGHISovereign Republic: Qoraqalpog‘iston PART THREE Who’s Who of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia PART FOUR Regional InformationREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONSRESEARCH INSTITUTESSELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)