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Giuseppe Spatafora - Explaining Foreign Support Escalation in Civil War, Inbunden

Inbunden, Engelska, 2026

Explaining Foreign Support Escalation in Civil War

From Sponsorship to Intervention

Av Giuseppe Spatafora

Del i serien Routledge Studies in Civil Wars and Intra-State Conflict

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Beskrivning
This book investigates why some foreign powers that initially assist warring parties in civil wars later escalate to direct military involvement.This volume connects proxy war and direct intervention through a new theoretical framework, Support Escalation Theory, arguing that intervention (“direct support”) is risky and costlier than the transfer of resources (“indirect support”), and so is not chosen lightly. Using case studies, including Fascist Italy’s involvement in the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s and Russia’s intervention in the Donbas in 2014, this book highlights why foreign sponsors prefer to escalate from indirect to direct support: they do so when the time window to affect the conflict and avoid a negative outcome is running out, and the warring party would not be able to use further indirect support that would no longer be helpful. Therefore, foreign sponsors feel the incentive to step in with their own forces. Additional examples test how widely the pattern holds in the 20th and 21st centuries, shedding light on one of the most important—and dangerous—features of modern conflict.This book will be of much interest to students of civil wars, conflict studies, security studies, and International Relations.
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Giuseppe Spatafora is Analyst for Transatlantic Relations at the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), the EU’s agency for security and foreign policy analysis. He earned his PhD (DPhil) from the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford, UK.

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'Giuseppe Spatafora's meticulous study provides the best discussion to date on how escalation crosses the direct-indirect thresholds of war. Theoretically ambitious and empirically rigorous, Spatafora breaks new intellectual ground with a welcome contribution to conflict studies that will serve as a point of reference to scholars and practitioners for years to come.'Vladimir Rauta, Head of Department and Director of the Centre for Global Security and Governance, University of Reading, UK'Why do outside states that provide indirect support to civil war parties sometimes escalate by directly joining the conflict? Spatafora's book tackles this important but hitherto underexplored question by drawing on the literature on proxy wars and military interventions, as well as on careful case studies. This is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding an increasingly prevalent aspect of contemporary armed conflict.'Costantino Pischedda, Associate Professor of International Relations, University of Miami, USA

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