Krishnarao Appasani is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of GeneExpression Systems, a global conference-producing organization focusing on biomedical and physical sciences. He is an award-winning scientist, Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and the editor of Genome-Wide Association Studies: From Polymorphism to Personalized Medicine (2016), Epigenomics: From Chromatin Biology to Therapeutics (2012), MicroRNAs: From Basic Science to Disease Biology (2007) and RNA Interference: From Basic Science to Drug Development (2005), all published by Cambridge University Press.

'Optogenetics has transformed neuroscience and has become a key element of the toolkit used by thousands of labs worldwide. If anyone needs convincing that the field of optogenetics has come of age, this book provides compelling evidence. Written by leading experts in the field and covering the gamut of optogenetics research from tool development and use in basic research through to translational applications, Optogenetics exemplifies how this technique now illuminates all areas of neuroscience research.' Michael Hausser, University College London,

• List of contributors; Foreword; Preface; List of abbreviations; Part I. Optogenetics in Model Organisms: 1. Introduction to optogenetics: from neuronal function to mapping and disease biology; 2. Uncovering key neurons for manipulation in mammals; 3. From connectome to function: using optogenetics to shed light on the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system; 4. From synapse to behaviour: optogenetic tools for investigation of the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system; 5. Using optogenetics in vivo to stimulate regeneration in Xenopus laevis; Part II. Opsin Biology, Tools and Technology Platform: 6. Sodium and engineered potassium light-driven pumps; 7. Simultaneous electrophysiology and optogenetic stimulation methods; 8. Role of electrical activity in horizontal axon growth in the developing cortex: a time-lapse study using optogenetic stimulation; 9. Development of an optogenetic tool to regulate protein stability in vivo; 10. Photo-activatable nucleotide cyclases for synthetic photobiology applications; 11. Bioluminescence activation of light-sensing molecules; Part III. Optogenetics in Neurobiology, Brain Circuits and Plasticity: 12. Optogenetics for neurological disorders: what is a path to the clinic?; 13. Optogenetic control of astroglia; 14. Optogenetics for neurohormones and neuropeptides: focus on oxytocin; 15. Optogenetic approaches to investigate brain circuits; 16. Optogenetic mapping of neuronal connections and their plasticity; Part IV. Optogenetics in Learning, Neuro-psychiatric Diseases and Behavior: 17. Optogenetics to study reward learning and addiction; 18. Optogenetics and the dissection of neural circuits underlying depression and substance-use disorders; 19. Optogenetics research in behavioral neuroscience: insights into the brain basis of reward learning and goal-directed behavior; 20. An optogenetic approach to treat epilepsy; 21. Using optogenetics and stem cells-derived neural engraftment techniques to restore lost motor function; Part V. Optogenetics in Vision Restoration and Memory: 22. Optogenetics in treating retinal disease; 23. Optogenetics for vision recovery: from traditional to designer optogenetic tools; 24. A promise of vision restoration; 25. Holographic Optical Neural Interfacing (HONI) with retinal neurons; 26. Strategies for restoring vision by transducing a channelrhodopsin gene into retinal ganglion cells; 27. Optogenetic dissection of a top-down prefrontal-to-hippocampus memory circuit; Part VI. Optogenetics in Sleep, Prosthetics and Epigenetics of Neurodegenerative Diseases: 28. Optogenetic dissection of sleep-wake control: evidence for a thalamic control of sleep architecture; 29. Optogenetics and auditory implants; 30. Optogenetic stimulation for cochlear prosthetics; 31. The role of amino acids in neurodegenerative and addictive diseases; 32. Applications of combinations of deep brain stimulation and optogenetics: ethical considerations: an epilogue.

Krishnarao Appasani is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of GeneExpression Systems, a global conference-producing organization focusing on biomedical and physical sciences. He is an award-winning scientist, Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and the editor of Genome-Wide Association Studies: From Polymorphism to Personalized Medicine (2016), Epigenomics: From Chromatin Biology to Therapeutics (2012), MicroRNAs: From Basic Science to Disease Biology (2007) and RNA Interference: From Basic Science to Drug Development (2005), all published by Cambridge University Press.

'Optogenetics has transformed neuroscience and has become a key element of the toolkit used by thousands of labs worldwide. If anyone needs convincing that the field of optogenetics has come of age, this book provides compelling evidence. Written by leading experts in the field and covering the gamut of optogenetics research from tool development and use in basic research through to translational applications, Optogenetics exemplifies how this technique now illuminates all areas of neuroscience research.' Michael Hausser, University College London,

• List of contributors; Foreword; Preface; List of abbreviations; Part I. Optogenetics in Model Organisms: 1. Introduction to optogenetics: from neuronal function to mapping and disease biology; 2. Uncovering key neurons for manipulation in mammals; 3. From connectome to function: using optogenetics to shed light on the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system; 4. From synapse to behaviour: optogenetic tools for investigation of the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system; 5. Using optogenetics in vivo to stimulate regeneration in Xenopus laevis; Part II. Opsin Biology, Tools and Technology Platform: 6. Sodium and engineered potassium light-driven pumps; 7. Simultaneous electrophysiology and optogenetic stimulation methods; 8. Role of electrical activity in horizontal axon growth in the developing cortex: a time-lapse study using optogenetic stimulation; 9. Development of an optogenetic tool to regulate protein stability in vivo; 10. Photo-activatable nucleotide cyclases for synthetic photobiology applications; 11. Bioluminescence activation of light-sensing molecules; Part III. Optogenetics in Neurobiology, Brain Circuits and Plasticity: 12. Optogenetics for neurological disorders: what is a path to the clinic?; 13. Optogenetic control of astroglia; 14. Optogenetics for neurohormones and neuropeptides: focus on oxytocin; 15. Optogenetic approaches to investigate brain circuits; 16. Optogenetic mapping of neuronal connections and their plasticity; Part IV. Optogenetics in Learning, Neuro-psychiatric Diseases and Behavior: 17. Optogenetics to study reward learning and addiction; 18. Optogenetics and the dissection of neural circuits underlying depression and substance-use disorders; 19. Optogenetics research in behavioral neuroscience: insights into the brain basis of reward learning and goal-directed behavior; 20. An optogenetic approach to treat epilepsy; 21. Using optogenetics and stem cells-derived neural engraftment techniques to restore lost motor function; Part V. Optogenetics in Vision Restoration and Memory: 22. Optogenetics in treating retinal disease; 23. Optogenetics for vision recovery: from traditional to designer optogenetic tools; 24. A promise of vision restoration; 25. Holographic Optical Neural Interfacing (HONI) with retinal neurons; 26. Strategies for restoring vision by transducing a channelrhodopsin gene into retinal ganglion cells; 27. Optogenetic dissection of a top-down prefrontal-to-hippocampus memory circuit; Part VI. Optogenetics in Sleep, Prosthetics and Epigenetics of Neurodegenerative Diseases: 28. Optogenetic dissection of sleep-wake control: evidence for a thalamic control of sleep architecture; 29. Optogenetics and auditory implants; 30. Optogenetic stimulation for cochlear prosthetics; 31. The role of amino acids in neurodegenerative and addictive diseases; 32. Applications of combinations of deep brain stimulation and optogenetics: ethical considerations: an epilogue.

Krishnarao Appasani is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of GeneExpression Systems, a global conference-producing organization focusing on biomedical and physical sciences. He is an award-winning scientist, Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and the editor of Genome-Wide Association Studies: From Polymorphism to Personalized Medicine (2016), Epigenomics: From Chromatin Biology to Therapeutics (2012), MicroRNAs: From Basic Science to Disease Biology (2007) and RNA Interference: From Basic Science to Drug Development (2005), all published by Cambridge University Press.

'Optogenetics has transformed neuroscience and has become a key element of the toolkit used by thousands of labs worldwide. If anyone needs convincing that the field of optogenetics has come of age, this book provides compelling evidence. Written by leading experts in the field and covering the gamut of optogenetics research from tool development and use in basic research through to translational applications, Optogenetics exemplifies how this technique now illuminates all areas of neuroscience research.' Michael Hausser, University College London,

• List of contributors; Foreword; Preface; List of abbreviations; Part I. Optogenetics in Model Organisms: 1. Introduction to optogenetics: from neuronal function to mapping and disease biology; 2. Uncovering key neurons for manipulation in mammals; 3. From connectome to function: using optogenetics to shed light on the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system; 4. From synapse to behaviour: optogenetic tools for investigation of the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system; 5. Using optogenetics in vivo to stimulate regeneration in Xenopus laevis; Part II. Opsin Biology, Tools and Technology Platform: 6. Sodium and engineered potassium light-driven pumps; 7. Simultaneous electrophysiology and optogenetic stimulation methods; 8. Role of electrical activity in horizontal axon growth in the developing cortex: a time-lapse study using optogenetic stimulation; 9. Development of an optogenetic tool to regulate protein stability in vivo; 10. Photo-activatable nucleotide cyclases for synthetic photobiology applications; 11. Bioluminescence activation of light-sensing molecules; Part III. Optogenetics in Neurobiology, Brain Circuits and Plasticity: 12. Optogenetics for neurological disorders: what is a path to the clinic?; 13. Optogenetic control of astroglia; 14. Optogenetics for neurohormones and neuropeptides: focus on oxytocin; 15. Optogenetic approaches to investigate brain circuits; 16. Optogenetic mapping of neuronal connections and their plasticity; Part IV. Optogenetics in Learning, Neuro-psychiatric Diseases and Behavior: 17. Optogenetics to study reward learning and addiction; 18. Optogenetics and the dissection of neural circuits underlying depression and substance-use disorders; 19. Optogenetics research in behavioral neuroscience: insights into the brain basis of reward learning and goal-directed behavior; 20. An optogenetic approach to treat epilepsy; 21. Using optogenetics and stem cells-derived neural engraftment techniques to restore lost motor function; Part V. Optogenetics in Vision Restoration and Memory: 22. Optogenetics in treating retinal disease; 23. Optogenetics for vision recovery: from traditional to designer optogenetic tools; 24. A promise of vision restoration; 25. Holographic Optical Neural Interfacing (HONI) with retinal neurons; 26. Strategies for restoring vision by transducing a channelrhodopsin gene into retinal ganglion cells; 27. Optogenetic dissection of a top-down prefrontal-to-hippocampus memory circuit; Part VI. Optogenetics in Sleep, Prosthetics and Epigenetics of Neurodegenerative Diseases: 28. Optogenetic dissection of sleep-wake control: evidence for a thalamic control of sleep architecture; 29. Optogenetics and auditory implants; 30. Optogenetic stimulation for cochlear prosthetics; 31. The role of amino acids in neurodegenerative and addictive diseases; 32. Applications of combinations of deep brain stimulation and optogenetics: ethical considerations: an epilogue.