Warren Breckman is the Sheldon and Lucy Hackney Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where he has taught since 1995. He is the author of Marx, the Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory (Cambridge, 1999), European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents (2007) and Adventures of the Symbolic: Post-marxism and Radical Democracy (2013). He served as co-editor of the Journal of the History of Ideas (2006–10) and co-edited the volume The Modernist Imagination: Essays in Intellectual History and Critical Theory (2008) also with Peter E. Gordon. Peter E. Gordon is Amabel B. James Professor of History at Harvard University, Massachusetts. He is a resident faculty member at Harvard's Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, and has held fellowships from the Princeton Society of Fellows and the Davis Center at Princeton University. He is the award-winning author of Rosenzweig and Heidegger: Between Judaism and German Philosophy (2003), Continental Divide: Heidegger, Cassirer, Davos (2010), Adorno and Existence (2016) and co-editor of several books, including The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School (with Espen Hammer and Axel Honneth, 2018).

'This is simply an incredible resource: essay after essay, written by leading intellectual historians that provide concise, lucid and engaging introductions to the main currents of European thought over the past two centuries. Everyone from students to seasoned scholars will want copies of these books on their shelves.' David A. Bell, Lapidus Professor, Princeton University

• Introduction Warren Breckman and Peter E. Gordon; 1. German idealism: the thought of modernity Terry Pinkard; 2. European romanticism: ambivalent responses to the sense of a new epoch Nicholas Halmi; 3. History, tradition and skepticism: the patterns of nineteenth-century theology David Fergusson; 4. The young Hegelians: philosophy as critical praxis Warren Breckman; 5. Utilitarianism, God, and moral obligation from Locke to Sidgwick Philip Schofield; 6. Capital, class, and empire: nineteenth-century political economy and its imaginary Francesco Boldizzoni; 7. Positivism in European intellectual, political, and religious life Mary Pickering; 8. European liberalism in the nineteenth century Jerrold Seigel; 9. European socialism from the 1790s to the 1890s Gareth Stedman Jones; 10. Conservatism: the utility of history and the case against rationalist radicalism Jerry Muller; 11. The woman question: liberal and socialist critiques of the status of women Naomi Andrews; 12. Darwinism and social Darwinism Gregory Radick; 13. Historicism from Ranke to Nietzsche John Toews; 14. Philology, language, and the constitution of meaning and human communities Tuska Benes; 15. Decadence and the 'second modernity' Mary Gluck; 16. Nihilism, pessimism, and the conditions of modernity Christian Emden; 17. Civilisation, culture and race: anthropology in the nineteenth century Adam Kuper; 18. The varieties of nationalist thought Erica Benner; 19. Ideas of empire: civilization, race, and global hierarchy Jennifer Pitts; 20. Rethinking revolution: radicalism at the end of the long nineteenth century Claudia Verhoeven.

Warren Breckman is the Sheldon and Lucy Hackney Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where he has taught since 1995. He is the author of Marx, the Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory (Cambridge, 1999), European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents (2007) and Adventures of the Symbolic: Post-marxism and Radical Democracy (2013). He served as co-editor of the Journal of the History of Ideas (2006–10) and co-edited the volume The Modernist Imagination: Essays in Intellectual History and Critical Theory (2008) also with Peter E. Gordon. Peter E. Gordon is Amabel B. James Professor of History at Harvard University, Massachusetts. He is a resident faculty member at Harvard's Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, and has held fellowships from the Princeton Society of Fellows and the Davis Center at Princeton University. He is the award-winning author of Rosenzweig and Heidegger: Between Judaism and German Philosophy (2003), Continental Divide: Heidegger, Cassirer, Davos (2010), Adorno and Existence (2016) and co-editor of several books, including The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School (with Espen Hammer and Axel Honneth, 2018).

'This is simply an incredible resource: essay after essay, written by leading intellectual historians that provide concise, lucid and engaging introductions to the main currents of European thought over the past two centuries. Everyone from students to seasoned scholars will want copies of these books on their shelves.' David A. Bell, Lapidus Professor, Princeton University

• Introduction Warren Breckman and Peter E. Gordon; 1. German idealism: the thought of modernity Terry Pinkard; 2. European romanticism: ambivalent responses to the sense of a new epoch Nicholas Halmi; 3. History, tradition and skepticism: the patterns of nineteenth-century theology David Fergusson; 4. The young Hegelians: philosophy as critical praxis Warren Breckman; 5. Utilitarianism, God, and moral obligation from Locke to Sidgwick Philip Schofield; 6. Capital, class, and empire: nineteenth-century political economy and its imaginary Francesco Boldizzoni; 7. Positivism in European intellectual, political, and religious life Mary Pickering; 8. European liberalism in the nineteenth century Jerrold Seigel; 9. European socialism from the 1790s to the 1890s Gareth Stedman Jones; 10. Conservatism: the utility of history and the case against rationalist radicalism Jerry Muller; 11. The woman question: liberal and socialist critiques of the status of women Naomi Andrews; 12. Darwinism and social Darwinism Gregory Radick; 13. Historicism from Ranke to Nietzsche John Toews; 14. Philology, language, and the constitution of meaning and human communities Tuska Benes; 15. Decadence and the 'second modernity' Mary Gluck; 16. Nihilism, pessimism, and the conditions of modernity Christian Emden; 17. Civilisation, culture and race: anthropology in the nineteenth century Adam Kuper; 18. The varieties of nationalist thought Erica Benner; 19. Ideas of empire: civilization, race, and global hierarchy Jennifer Pitts; 20. Rethinking revolution: radicalism at the end of the long nineteenth century Claudia Verhoeven.

Warren Breckman is the Sheldon and Lucy Hackney Professor of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where he has taught since 1995. He is the author of Marx, the Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory (Cambridge, 1999), European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents (2007) and Adventures of the Symbolic: Post-marxism and Radical Democracy (2013). He served as co-editor of the Journal of the History of Ideas (2006–10) and co-edited the volume The Modernist Imagination: Essays in Intellectual History and Critical Theory (2008) also with Peter E. Gordon. Peter E. Gordon is Amabel B. James Professor of History at Harvard University, Massachusetts. He is a resident faculty member at Harvard's Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, and has held fellowships from the Princeton Society of Fellows and the Davis Center at Princeton University. He is the award-winning author of Rosenzweig and Heidegger: Between Judaism and German Philosophy (2003), Continental Divide: Heidegger, Cassirer, Davos (2010), Adorno and Existence (2016) and co-editor of several books, including The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School (with Espen Hammer and Axel Honneth, 2018).

'This is simply an incredible resource: essay after essay, written by leading intellectual historians that provide concise, lucid and engaging introductions to the main currents of European thought over the past two centuries. Everyone from students to seasoned scholars will want copies of these books on their shelves.' David A. Bell, Lapidus Professor, Princeton University

• Introduction Warren Breckman and Peter E. Gordon; 1. German idealism: the thought of modernity Terry Pinkard; 2. European romanticism: ambivalent responses to the sense of a new epoch Nicholas Halmi; 3. History, tradition and skepticism: the patterns of nineteenth-century theology David Fergusson; 4. The young Hegelians: philosophy as critical praxis Warren Breckman; 5. Utilitarianism, God, and moral obligation from Locke to Sidgwick Philip Schofield; 6. Capital, class, and empire: nineteenth-century political economy and its imaginary Francesco Boldizzoni; 7. Positivism in European intellectual, political, and religious life Mary Pickering; 8. European liberalism in the nineteenth century Jerrold Seigel; 9. European socialism from the 1790s to the 1890s Gareth Stedman Jones; 10. Conservatism: the utility of history and the case against rationalist radicalism Jerry Muller; 11. The woman question: liberal and socialist critiques of the status of women Naomi Andrews; 12. Darwinism and social Darwinism Gregory Radick; 13. Historicism from Ranke to Nietzsche John Toews; 14. Philology, language, and the constitution of meaning and human communities Tuska Benes; 15. Decadence and the 'second modernity' Mary Gluck; 16. Nihilism, pessimism, and the conditions of modernity Christian Emden; 17. Civilisation, culture and race: anthropology in the nineteenth century Adam Kuper; 18. The varieties of nationalist thought Erica Benner; 19. Ideas of empire: civilization, race, and global hierarchy Jennifer Pitts; 20. Rethinking revolution: radicalism at the end of the long nineteenth century Claudia Verhoeven.