The East Asian Challenge for Democracy

Daniel A. Bell is Zhiyuan Chair Professor of the Arts and Humanities at Jiaotong University (Shanghai) and Professor of Ethics and Political Philosophy and Director of the Center for International and Comparative Political Philosophy at Tsinghua University (Beijing). His recent books include China's New Confucianism (revised edition, 2010); the co-edited books A Confucian Constitutional Order (2013) and Ancient Chinese Thought, Modern Chinese Power (2011); and the co-authored book The Spirit of Cities (2011). He has co-edited three previous books with Cambridge University Press. He is a frequent contributor to The New York Times, the Financial Times and to Chinese language publications. His writings have been translated into twenty-two languages. Chenyang Li is Associate Professor and Founding Director of the philosophy program at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Previously, he served as Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Central Washington University, where he received the Distinguished Research Professor Award, the Outstanding Department Chair Award, and the Keys to Success Award (Student Service). He was a 2008-2009 American Council on Education Fellow. His research interests include Chinese philosophy, comparative philosophy and value theory. Among his publications are The Confucian Philosophy of Harmony (2013), The Tao Encounters the West: Explorations in Comparative Philosophy (1999), and The Sage and the Second Sex: Confucianism, Ethics, and Gender (editor, 2000), and more than eighty journal articles and book chapters.

'In theory, democracy works beautifully. In practice, it does not. Indeed, the American democratic system has effectively been hijacked by special interests through a process best described as institutionalized legal corruption. Clearly the world needs new political thinking, bringing together the best of the East and the West. This is what this volume does, reminding us that political wisdom springs from all corners of the world. It could not be more timely. A must-read.' Kishore Mahbubani, Dean, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World

• Part I. The Theory of Political Meritocracy: 1. Political meritocracy and meritorious rule: a Confucian perspective Joseph Chan; 2. A Confucian version of hybrid regime: how does it work and why is it superior? Tongdong Bai; 3. Confucian meritocracy for contemporary China Ruiping Fan; 4. The liberal critique of democracy John Skorupski; 5. Meritocratic representation Philip Pettit; Part II. The History of Political Meritocracy: 6. Between merit and pedigree: evolution of the concept of 'elevating the worthy' in pre-imperial China Yuri Pines; 7. A society in motion: unexpected consequences of political meritocracy in late imperial China, 1400–1900 Benjamin Elman; 8. Meritocratic democracy: learning from the American Constitution Stephen Macedo; Part III. Realizing Political Meritocracy Today: 9. How East Asians view meritocracy: a Confucian perspective Doh Chull Shin; 10. Political meritocracy in Singapore: lessons from the PAP government Benjamin Wong; 11. Meritocracy and political liberalization in Singapore Kenneth Paul Tan; 12. China's meritocratic examinations and the ideal of virtuous talents Hong Xiao and Chenyang Li; 13. Reflections on political meritocracy: its manipulation and transformation Philippe C. Schmitter; 14. Political meritocracy and direct democracy: a hybrid experiment in California Nicolas Berggruen and Nathan Gardels.