Jorge E. Viñuales is the Harold Samuel Chair of Law at Cambridge, the Founding Director of the Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Governance, and a Member (Associé) of the Institut de Droit International. He has published extensively on international law and has wide experience as counsel, expert and adjudicator.

• Introduction; 1. Energy in international law; 2. Foundational approach: international energy transactions; 3. Foundational approach: regulating negative externalities; 4. Ad hoc approach: joint development of hydrocarbons; 5. Ad hoc approach: hydroelectricity, offshore wind, pipelines and electricity transmission lines; 6. Centralised approach: nuclear energy; 7. Centralised approach: producer/consumer, promotion and regional cooperation organisations; 8. International law and the energy transformation; Conclusion.

Jorge E. Viñuales is the Harold Samuel Chair of Law at Cambridge, the Founding Director of the Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Governance, and a Member (Associé) of the Institut de Droit International. He has published extensively on international law and has wide experience as counsel, expert and adjudicator.

• Introduction; 1. Energy in international law; 2. Foundational approach: international energy transactions; 3. Foundational approach: regulating negative externalities; 4. Ad hoc approach: joint development of hydrocarbons; 5. Ad hoc approach: hydroelectricity, offshore wind, pipelines and electricity transmission lines; 6. Centralised approach: nuclear energy; 7. Centralised approach: producer/consumer, promotion and regional cooperation organisations; 8. International law and the energy transformation; Conclusion.

Jorge E. Viñuales is the Harold Samuel Chair of Law at Cambridge, the Founding Director of the Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Governance, and a Member (Associé) of the Institut de Droit International. He has published extensively on international law and has wide experience as counsel, expert and adjudicator.

• Introduction; 1. Energy in international law; 2. Foundational approach: international energy transactions; 3. Foundational approach: regulating negative externalities; 4. Ad hoc approach: joint development of hydrocarbons; 5. Ad hoc approach: hydroelectricity, offshore wind, pipelines and electricity transmission lines; 6. Centralised approach: nuclear energy; 7. Centralised approach: producer/consumer, promotion and regional cooperation organisations; 8. International law and the energy transformation; Conclusion.