Joëlle Rollo-Koster has published widely on the social, cultural, religious, and political history of the late Middle Ages. She is a specialist of the Avignon Papacy and of the Great Western Schism and is a Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America. Her most recent publications are Avignon and its Papacy, 1309-1417: Popes, Institutions, and Society (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015); The Great Western Schism, 1378-1417: Performing Legitimacy, Performing Unity (Cambridge University Press, 2022); and, as editor, Death in Medieval Europe: Death Scripted and Death Choreographed (Routledge, 2016). She was knighted Chevalier de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques in 2016. Robert A. Ventresca has published widely on a diverse range of topics including the papacy in the era of the two world wars and the Holocaust. His book Soldier of Christ: The Life of Pope Pius XII (Harvard University Press, 2013) was awarded the 2014 Harry C. Koenig Prize by the American Catholic Historical Association.  He is a member of the Committee on Ethics, Religion, and the Holocaust at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC. Melodie H. Eichbauer is Professor of Medieval History at Florida Gulf Coast University. Her research focuses on the dissemination of legal knowledge and the interpretation of law, and the ways in which social, political, and intellectual developments and trends shaped both between c.1000 and c.1500. She is the author of Medieval Canon Law, 2nd ed. (an expanded and revised version of the 1st edition by James A. Brundage) (Routledge, 2022); editor of A Cultural History of Genocide, vol. 2, The Middle Ages (Bloomsbury Academic Publishers, 2021); the co-editor, with Danica Summerlin, of The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1250 (Brill, 2018); and the co-editor, with Kenneth Pennington, of Law as Profession and Practice in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honor of James A. Brundage (Ashgate, 2011). Miles Pattenden has published widely on the papacy and the Catholic Church in the Counter-Reformation and Enlightenment. He is the author of Pius IV and the Fall of the Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome (Oxford University Press, 2013) and Electing the Pope in Early Modern Italy, 1450–1700 (Oxford University Press, 2017), and is writing a general history of the Catholic Church for Princeton University Press.

• General Introduction Joëlle Rollo-Koster, Robert A. Ventresca, Melodie Eichbauer and Miles Pattenden; Part I. Christendom and Empire: 1. Inventing Peter in late antiquity George E. Demacopoulos; 2. From Constantine to Justinian Hartmut Leppin; 3. The Popes and the papacy in the Carolingian world Thomas F. X. Noble; 4. The papal monarchy and the empire in the thirteenth century Brett Edward Whalen; 5. Papal primacy and the holy Roman emperors (IV–XII centuries) Uta-Renate Blumenthal; Part II. Crises, Schisms, and Dissent: 6. Gregory VII and the reform movement John Howe; 7. The schism of 1054 Eugene Webb; 8. The papacy, heresy, and religious dissent Irene Bueno; 9. The papacy and crusaders: from the Saracens to Stalin Rebecca Rist; 10. The Avignon papacy and the Great Western Schism Blake Beattie; 11. The Great Western Schism in history and memory Bénédicte Sère; Part III. Reformations and Revolutions: 12. The papacy and the Protestants (1517–63) Nelson Minnich; 13. The Reformation Popes Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin; 14. The Popes and The Enlightenment Shaun Blanchard; 15. The papacy in revolution 1775–1823: the Cesena Popes, Pius VI and Pius VII Ambrogio Caiani; 16. Enlightenment and its aftermath: liberalism, materialism, and nationalism Daniele Menozzi; 17. Pope Leo XIII and the Catholic response to modernity Robert P. Kraynak; Part IV. Theopolitics and Religious Diplomacy: 18. Papal elections and renunciations Miles Pattenden; 19. The military papacy David Alvarez; 20. Benedict XV (1914–22) and the legacy of a wartime papacy John Pollard; 21. The papacy and slavery Justine Walden; 22. The papacy and the decolonization of Africa Elizabeth Foster; 23. The rise of liberation theology Michael E. Lee; 24. Papal diplomacy during and since the Ancien Régime Toby Osborne; Part V. Inter-Faith Relations: Confrontation and Dialogue: 25. The papacy and the Christian East: the theological issues Edward Siecienski; 26. The Popes and the Protestant churches Joshua Bennett; 27. The Popes and Islam John Tolan; 28. The Islamic world and the papacy Alexander Mallett; 29. The medieval papacy and the Jews Kenneth Stow; 30. The papacy and the Jews since the French Revolution Adrian Ciani; Bibliography.

Joëlle Rollo-Koster has published widely on the social, cultural, religious, and political history of the late Middle Ages. She is a specialist of the Avignon Papacy and of the Great Western Schism and is a Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America. Her most recent publications are Avignon and its Papacy, 1309-1417: Popes, Institutions, and Society (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015); The Great Western Schism, 1378-1417: Performing Legitimacy, Performing Unity (Cambridge University Press, 2022); and, as editor, Death in Medieval Europe: Death Scripted and Death Choreographed (Routledge, 2016). She was knighted Chevalier de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques in 2016. Robert A. Ventresca has published widely on a diverse range of topics including the papacy in the era of the two world wars and the Holocaust. His book Soldier of Christ: The Life of Pope Pius XII (Harvard University Press, 2013) was awarded the 2014 Harry C. Koenig Prize by the American Catholic Historical Association.  He is a member of the Committee on Ethics, Religion, and the Holocaust at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC. Melodie H. Eichbauer is Professor of Medieval History at Florida Gulf Coast University. Her research focuses on the dissemination of legal knowledge and the interpretation of law, and the ways in which social, political, and intellectual developments and trends shaped both between c.1000 and c.1500. She is the author of Medieval Canon Law, 2nd ed. (an expanded and revised version of the 1st edition by James A. Brundage) (Routledge, 2022); editor of A Cultural History of Genocide, vol. 2, The Middle Ages (Bloomsbury Academic Publishers, 2021); the co-editor, with Danica Summerlin, of The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1250 (Brill, 2018); and the co-editor, with Kenneth Pennington, of Law as Profession and Practice in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honor of James A. Brundage (Ashgate, 2011). Miles Pattenden has published widely on the papacy and the Catholic Church in the Counter-Reformation and Enlightenment. He is the author of Pius IV and the Fall of the Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome (Oxford University Press, 2013) and Electing the Pope in Early Modern Italy, 1450–1700 (Oxford University Press, 2017), and is writing a general history of the Catholic Church for Princeton University Press.

• General Introduction Joëlle Rollo-Koster, Robert A. Ventresca, Melodie Eichbauer and Miles Pattenden; Part I. Christendom and Empire: 1. Inventing Peter in late antiquity George E. Demacopoulos; 2. From Constantine to Justinian Hartmut Leppin; 3. The Popes and the papacy in the Carolingian world Thomas F. X. Noble; 4. The papal monarchy and the empire in the thirteenth century Brett Edward Whalen; 5. Papal primacy and the holy Roman emperors (IV–XII centuries) Uta-Renate Blumenthal; Part II. Crises, Schisms, and Dissent: 6. Gregory VII and the reform movement John Howe; 7. The schism of 1054 Eugene Webb; 8. The papacy, heresy, and religious dissent Irene Bueno; 9. The papacy and crusaders: from the Saracens to Stalin Rebecca Rist; 10. The Avignon papacy and the Great Western Schism Blake Beattie; 11. The Great Western Schism in history and memory Bénédicte Sère; Part III. Reformations and Revolutions: 12. The papacy and the Protestants (1517–63) Nelson Minnich; 13. The Reformation Popes Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin; 14. The Popes and The Enlightenment Shaun Blanchard; 15. The papacy in revolution 1775–1823: the Cesena Popes, Pius VI and Pius VII Ambrogio Caiani; 16. Enlightenment and its aftermath: liberalism, materialism, and nationalism Daniele Menozzi; 17. Pope Leo XIII and the Catholic response to modernity Robert P. Kraynak; Part IV. Theopolitics and Religious Diplomacy: 18. Papal elections and renunciations Miles Pattenden; 19. The military papacy David Alvarez; 20. Benedict XV (1914–22) and the legacy of a wartime papacy John Pollard; 21. The papacy and slavery Justine Walden; 22. The papacy and the decolonization of Africa Elizabeth Foster; 23. The rise of liberation theology Michael E. Lee; 24. Papal diplomacy during and since the Ancien Régime Toby Osborne; Part V. Inter-Faith Relations: Confrontation and Dialogue: 25. The papacy and the Christian East: the theological issues Edward Siecienski; 26. The Popes and the Protestant churches Joshua Bennett; 27. The Popes and Islam John Tolan; 28. The Islamic world and the papacy Alexander Mallett; 29. The medieval papacy and the Jews Kenneth Stow; 30. The papacy and the Jews since the French Revolution Adrian Ciani; Bibliography.

Joëlle Rollo-Koster has published widely on the social, cultural, religious, and political history of the late Middle Ages. She is a specialist of the Avignon Papacy and of the Great Western Schism and is a Fellow of the Medieval Academy of America. Her most recent publications are Avignon and its Papacy, 1309-1417: Popes, Institutions, and Society (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015); The Great Western Schism, 1378-1417: Performing Legitimacy, Performing Unity (Cambridge University Press, 2022); and, as editor, Death in Medieval Europe: Death Scripted and Death Choreographed (Routledge, 2016). She was knighted Chevalier de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques in 2016. Robert A. Ventresca has published widely on a diverse range of topics including the papacy in the era of the two world wars and the Holocaust. His book Soldier of Christ: The Life of Pope Pius XII (Harvard University Press, 2013) was awarded the 2014 Harry C. Koenig Prize by the American Catholic Historical Association.  He is a member of the Committee on Ethics, Religion, and the Holocaust at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC. Melodie H. Eichbauer is Professor of Medieval History at Florida Gulf Coast University. Her research focuses on the dissemination of legal knowledge and the interpretation of law, and the ways in which social, political, and intellectual developments and trends shaped both between c.1000 and c.1500. She is the author of Medieval Canon Law, 2nd ed. (an expanded and revised version of the 1st edition by James A. Brundage) (Routledge, 2022); editor of A Cultural History of Genocide, vol. 2, The Middle Ages (Bloomsbury Academic Publishers, 2021); the co-editor, with Danica Summerlin, of The Use of Canon Law in Ecclesiastical Administration, 1000–1250 (Brill, 2018); and the co-editor, with Kenneth Pennington, of Law as Profession and Practice in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honor of James A. Brundage (Ashgate, 2011). Miles Pattenden has published widely on the papacy and the Catholic Church in the Counter-Reformation and Enlightenment. He is the author of Pius IV and the Fall of the Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome (Oxford University Press, 2013) and Electing the Pope in Early Modern Italy, 1450–1700 (Oxford University Press, 2017), and is writing a general history of the Catholic Church for Princeton University Press.

• General Introduction Joëlle Rollo-Koster, Robert A. Ventresca, Melodie Eichbauer and Miles Pattenden; Part I. Christendom and Empire: 1. Inventing Peter in late antiquity George E. Demacopoulos; 2. From Constantine to Justinian Hartmut Leppin; 3. The Popes and the papacy in the Carolingian world Thomas F. X. Noble; 4. The papal monarchy and the empire in the thirteenth century Brett Edward Whalen; 5. Papal primacy and the holy Roman emperors (IV–XII centuries) Uta-Renate Blumenthal; Part II. Crises, Schisms, and Dissent: 6. Gregory VII and the reform movement John Howe; 7. The schism of 1054 Eugene Webb; 8. The papacy, heresy, and religious dissent Irene Bueno; 9. The papacy and crusaders: from the Saracens to Stalin Rebecca Rist; 10. The Avignon papacy and the Great Western Schism Blake Beattie; 11. The Great Western Schism in history and memory Bénédicte Sère; Part III. Reformations and Revolutions: 12. The papacy and the Protestants (1517–63) Nelson Minnich; 13. The Reformation Popes Tadhg Ó hAnnracháin; 14. The Popes and The Enlightenment Shaun Blanchard; 15. The papacy in revolution 1775–1823: the Cesena Popes, Pius VI and Pius VII Ambrogio Caiani; 16. Enlightenment and its aftermath: liberalism, materialism, and nationalism Daniele Menozzi; 17. Pope Leo XIII and the Catholic response to modernity Robert P. Kraynak; Part IV. Theopolitics and Religious Diplomacy: 18. Papal elections and renunciations Miles Pattenden; 19. The military papacy David Alvarez; 20. Benedict XV (1914–22) and the legacy of a wartime papacy John Pollard; 21. The papacy and slavery Justine Walden; 22. The papacy and the decolonization of Africa Elizabeth Foster; 23. The rise of liberation theology Michael E. Lee; 24. Papal diplomacy during and since the Ancien Régime Toby Osborne; Part V. Inter-Faith Relations: Confrontation and Dialogue: 25. The papacy and the Christian East: the theological issues Edward Siecienski; 26. The Popes and the Protestant churches Joshua Bennett; 27. The Popes and Islam John Tolan; 28. The Islamic world and the papacy Alexander Mallett; 29. The medieval papacy and the Jews Kenneth Stow; 30. The papacy and the Jews since the French Revolution Adrian Ciani; Bibliography.