Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Michael C. Flickinger is the Associate Director for Academic Programs of the Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) and a Professor of Microbiology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University, Raleigh.Dr. Flickinger was Director of the University of Minnesota's Institute for Advanced Studies in Biological Process Technology, which was later renamed the Biotechnology Institute ), and a Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Prior to coming to Minnesota Dr. Flickinger was Director of the Fermentation Program at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, Maryland.Dr. Flickinger received his academic training at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.?(B.S.?(1973) in microbial biochemistry;? M.S. (1975) and Ph.D.?(1977) in pharmaceutical biochemistry.)? He did his postdoctoral work at the Laboratory for Renewable Resources Engineering? in the School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University.He is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology (Wiley, 2010) and Co-Editor of the Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis and Bioseparation (Wiley, 1999).

• VOLUME I: EXPRESSION SYSTEMS & PROCESS DEVELOPMENTPREFACE xiCONTRIBUTORS xiiiPART I INTRODUCTION 3PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS 71 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9John R. Birch2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19Robert D. Possee, Richard B. Hitchman, and Linda A. King3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33Leslie Chan, Steve Reid, and Lars Keld Nielsen4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49John M. Davis and Kevin L. Shade5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71Mariam Naciri and Mohamed Al-rubeai6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85Dhinakar S. Kompala7 Cell Viability Measurement 97Ning Wei and Benjamin Sommer8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105Carol Mclean and Colin Harbour9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131David Smith10 Culture Preservation 153Robert L. Gherna11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria 163Boyke Bunk, Rebekka Biedendieck, Dieter Jahn, and Patricia S. Vary12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181Marco A. Cacciuttolo, Gene Lee, John Chon, and John Lewis13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195Koti Sreekrishna14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic Animals 213Richard M. Twyman and Bruce Whitelaw15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297Claudia Kloth, Glenn Maclsaac, Haile Ghebremariam, and Alahari Arunakumari16 Insect Cell Culture 311Someet Narang, Erik M. Whiteley, Sunyia Hussain, and Michael J. Betenbaugh17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331Nicolai S. Panikov18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371Emílio Molina Grima, Jose María Fernández Sevilla, and Francisco Gabriel Acién Fernández19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399Arthur L. Koch20 Microbial Media Composition 413Rosalie J. Cote21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437Erwin Huebner22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489Mikael R. Andersen, Jong Hyun Nam, and Susan T. Sharfstein24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543Eric Morello, Isabelle Poquet, Philippe Langella25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557Catherine H. ScheinPART III MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 57926 Animal Cell Culture Media 581Natarajan Vijayasankaran, Jincai Li, Robert Shawley, Aaron Chen, Masaru Shiratori, Martin Gawlitzek, Feng Li, Robert Kiss, and Ashraf Amanullah27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599James C. Warren and Shyamsundar Subramanian28 Animal Cell Stability 617Martin S. Sinacore, Timothy S. Charlebois, Denis Drapeau, Mark Leonard, Scott Harrison, and S. Robert Adamson29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635K. Heilmann and B. Micheel30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645Stefan Dübel31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663David W. Murhammer32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669Michael A. Hanson and Govind Rao33 Inoculum Preparation 699Craig J.L. Gershater34 Microcarrier Culture 711Susan T. Sharfstein and Christian Kaisermayer35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733Julia F. Markusen and David K. Robinson36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747Mark Richard Fowler37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759Marko ZlokarnikVOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING, CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONSPREFACE ixCONTRIBUTORS xiPART IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 78938 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791Ruben Godoy-Silva, Claudia Berdugo, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821Lidietta Giorno and Enrico Drioli40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847Laura A. Palomares, Alvaro R. Lara, and Octavio T. Ramírez41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863Laura A. Palomares and Octavio T. Ramírez42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887J.C. Merchuk and F. Garcia Camacho43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955H.J.G. Ten Hoopen44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963Winfried Storhas45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979Graham Andrews and William Apel46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995Wei Wen Su47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013Susana Cortez, Pilar Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, and Manuel Mota48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031Pauline M. Doran49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069Ronnie Willaert50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101Marvin Charles and Jack Wilson51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137Christian Sieblist and Andreas Lübbert52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147Martin Hartmann and Dirk Jung53 Immobilized Cells 1179Manojlovic Verica, Bugarski Branko, and Nedovic Viktor54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201Jose M. Guisan, Lorena Betancor, and Gloria Fernandez-Lorente55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219Alvin W. Nienow56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233Weichang Zhou, Gargi Seth, Maria J. Guardia, and Wei-Shou Hu57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245J. Bryan Griffiths58 Mass Transfer 1261Yusuf Chisti59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303Felix Garcia-Ochoa and Emilio Gomez60 Photobioreactors 1327Mario R. Tredici, Graziella Chini Zittelli and Liliana Rodolfi61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347Colin R. Thomas and Grainne L. Riley62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359Maria Papagianni63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377Bo Mattiasson and Martin Hedström64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387David A. Mitchell, Deidre M. Stuart, and Robert D. Tanner65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413Mario Fernández-fernández and J. Ricardo Pérez-correa66 Stainless Steels 1427C.P. Dillon67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435Radu Z. Tudose and Maria Gavrilescu68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451Rodica-Viorica RomanPART V PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) 146969 Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring 1471Michael Pohlscheidt, Salim Charaniya, Marco Jenzsch, Christopher Bork, Tim L. Noetzel, and Andreas Luebbert70 Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology 1493Elo Harald Hansen and Manuel Miró71 Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring 1511Fabienne Anton, Carsten Lindemann, Bernd Hitzmann, Kenneth F. Reardon, and Thomas Scheper72 Off-Line Analysis in Animal Cell Culture 1523Heino Büntemeyer73 Process Analytical Technology: Strategies for Biopharmaceuticals 1543Anurag S. Rathore and Gautam Kapoor74 Vent Gas Analysis 1567David Pollard and Jens ChristensenPART VI UPSTREAM cGMP OPERATIONS 158575 Antibody Manufacture, Disposable Systems 1587Regine Eibl and Dieter Eibl76 Bioreactor Operations 1595David R. Gray77 Bioreactors, Cell Culture, Commercial Production 1635Tan-Che Zhou, Wen-Wen Zhou, Weiwei Hu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong78 Biotransformation, Process Optimization 1665Lutz Hilterhaus, Andreas Liese, and Udo Kragl79 Foam Formation and Control in Bioreactors 1679Frank Delvigne and Jean-Paul Lecomte80 Pilot Plants, Design and Operation 1695Beth H. Junker81 Shear Sensitivity 1719Yusuf Chisti82 Sterilization and Decontamination, Bioprocess Equipment 1763Peter L. RobertsINDEX 1781

Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Michael C. Flickinger is the Associate Director for Academic Programs of the Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) and a Professor of Microbiology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University, Raleigh.Dr. Flickinger was Director of the University of Minnesota's Institute for Advanced Studies in Biological Process Technology, which was later renamed the Biotechnology Institute ), and a Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Prior to coming to Minnesota Dr. Flickinger was Director of the Fermentation Program at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, Maryland.Dr. Flickinger received his academic training at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.?(B.S.?(1973) in microbial biochemistry;? M.S. (1975) and Ph.D.?(1977) in pharmaceutical biochemistry.)? He did his postdoctoral work at the Laboratory for Renewable Resources Engineering? in the School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University.He is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology (Wiley, 2010) and Co-Editor of the Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis and Bioseparation (Wiley, 1999).

• VOLUME I: EXPRESSION SYSTEMS & PROCESS DEVELOPMENTPREFACE xiCONTRIBUTORS xiiiPART I INTRODUCTION 3PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS 71 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9John R. Birch2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19Robert D. Possee, Richard B. Hitchman, and Linda A. King3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33Leslie Chan, Steve Reid, and Lars Keld Nielsen4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49John M. Davis and Kevin L. Shade5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71Mariam Naciri and Mohamed Al-rubeai6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85Dhinakar S. Kompala7 Cell Viability Measurement 97Ning Wei and Benjamin Sommer8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105Carol Mclean and Colin Harbour9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131David Smith10 Culture Preservation 153Robert L. Gherna11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria 163Boyke Bunk, Rebekka Biedendieck, Dieter Jahn, and Patricia S. Vary12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181Marco A. Cacciuttolo, Gene Lee, John Chon, and John Lewis13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195Koti Sreekrishna14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic Animals 213Richard M. Twyman and Bruce Whitelaw15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297Claudia Kloth, Glenn Maclsaac, Haile Ghebremariam, and Alahari Arunakumari16 Insect Cell Culture 311Someet Narang, Erik M. Whiteley, Sunyia Hussain, and Michael J. Betenbaugh17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331Nicolai S. Panikov18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371Emílio Molina Grima, Jose María Fernández Sevilla, and Francisco Gabriel Acién Fernández19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399Arthur L. Koch20 Microbial Media Composition 413Rosalie J. Cote21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437Erwin Huebner22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489Mikael R. Andersen, Jong Hyun Nam, and Susan T. Sharfstein24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543Eric Morello, Isabelle Poquet, Philippe Langella25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557Catherine H. ScheinPART III MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 57926 Animal Cell Culture Media 581Natarajan Vijayasankaran, Jincai Li, Robert Shawley, Aaron Chen, Masaru Shiratori, Martin Gawlitzek, Feng Li, Robert Kiss, and Ashraf Amanullah27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599James C. Warren and Shyamsundar Subramanian28 Animal Cell Stability 617Martin S. Sinacore, Timothy S. Charlebois, Denis Drapeau, Mark Leonard, Scott Harrison, and S. Robert Adamson29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635K. Heilmann and B. Micheel30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645Stefan Dübel31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663David W. Murhammer32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669Michael A. Hanson and Govind Rao33 Inoculum Preparation 699Craig J.L. Gershater34 Microcarrier Culture 711Susan T. Sharfstein and Christian Kaisermayer35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733Julia F. Markusen and David K. Robinson36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747Mark Richard Fowler37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759Marko ZlokarnikVOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING, CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONSPREFACE ixCONTRIBUTORS xiPART IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 78938 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791Ruben Godoy-Silva, Claudia Berdugo, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821Lidietta Giorno and Enrico Drioli40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847Laura A. Palomares, Alvaro R. Lara, and Octavio T. Ramírez41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863Laura A. Palomares and Octavio T. Ramírez42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887J.C. Merchuk and F. Garcia Camacho43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955H.J.G. Ten Hoopen44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963Winfried Storhas45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979Graham Andrews and William Apel46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995Wei Wen Su47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013Susana Cortez, Pilar Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, and Manuel Mota48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031Pauline M. Doran49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069Ronnie Willaert50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101Marvin Charles and Jack Wilson51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137Christian Sieblist and Andreas Lübbert52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147Martin Hartmann and Dirk Jung53 Immobilized Cells 1179Manojlovic Verica, Bugarski Branko, and Nedovic Viktor54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201Jose M. Guisan, Lorena Betancor, and Gloria Fernandez-Lorente55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219Alvin W. Nienow56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233Weichang Zhou, Gargi Seth, Maria J. Guardia, and Wei-Shou Hu57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245J. Bryan Griffiths58 Mass Transfer 1261Yusuf Chisti59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303Felix Garcia-Ochoa and Emilio Gomez60 Photobioreactors 1327Mario R. Tredici, Graziella Chini Zittelli and Liliana Rodolfi61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347Colin R. Thomas and Grainne L. Riley62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359Maria Papagianni63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377Bo Mattiasson and Martin Hedström64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387David A. Mitchell, Deidre M. Stuart, and Robert D. Tanner65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413Mario Fernández-fernández and J. Ricardo Pérez-correa66 Stainless Steels 1427C.P. Dillon67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435Radu Z. Tudose and Maria Gavrilescu68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451Rodica-Viorica RomanPART V PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) 146969 Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring 1471Michael Pohlscheidt, Salim Charaniya, Marco Jenzsch, Christopher Bork, Tim L. Noetzel, and Andreas Luebbert70 Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology 1493Elo Harald Hansen and Manuel Miró71 Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring 1511Fabienne Anton, Carsten Lindemann, Bernd Hitzmann, Kenneth F. Reardon, and Thomas Scheper72 Off-Line Analysis in Animal Cell Culture 1523Heino Büntemeyer73 Process Analytical Technology: Strategies for Biopharmaceuticals 1543Anurag S. Rathore and Gautam Kapoor74 Vent Gas Analysis 1567David Pollard and Jens ChristensenPART VI UPSTREAM cGMP OPERATIONS 158575 Antibody Manufacture, Disposable Systems 1587Regine Eibl and Dieter Eibl76 Bioreactor Operations 1595David R. Gray77 Bioreactors, Cell Culture, Commercial Production 1635Tan-Che Zhou, Wen-Wen Zhou, Weiwei Hu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong78 Biotransformation, Process Optimization 1665Lutz Hilterhaus, Andreas Liese, and Udo Kragl79 Foam Formation and Control in Bioreactors 1679Frank Delvigne and Jean-Paul Lecomte80 Pilot Plants, Design and Operation 1695Beth H. Junker81 Shear Sensitivity 1719Yusuf Chisti82 Sterilization and Decontamination, Bioprocess Equipment 1763Peter L. RobertsINDEX 1781

Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Michael C. Flickinger is the Associate Director for Academic Programs of the Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) and a Professor of Microbiology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at North Carolina State University, Raleigh.Dr. Flickinger was Director of the University of Minnesota's Institute for Advanced Studies in Biological Process Technology, which was later renamed the Biotechnology Institute ), and a Professor of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. Prior to coming to Minnesota Dr. Flickinger was Director of the Fermentation Program at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, Maryland.Dr. Flickinger received his academic training at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.?(B.S.?(1973) in microbial biochemistry;? M.S. (1975) and Ph.D.?(1977) in pharmaceutical biochemistry.)? He did his postdoctoral work at the Laboratory for Renewable Resources Engineering? in the School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University.He is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology (Wiley, 2010) and Co-Editor of the Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Technology: Fermentation, Biocatalysis and Bioseparation (Wiley, 1999).

• VOLUME I: EXPRESSION SYSTEMS & PROCESS DEVELOPMENTPREFACE xiCONTRIBUTORS xiiiPART I INTRODUCTION 3PART II INDUSTRIAL CELL GROWTH AND GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEMS 71 Animal Cells, Suspension Culture 9John R. Birch2 Baculovirus Expression Systems 19Robert D. Possee, Richard B. Hitchman, and Linda A. King3 Baculovirus Kinetics, Insect Culture 33Leslie Chan, Steve Reid, and Lars Keld Nielsen4 Cell Culture, Aseptic Techniques 49John M. Davis and Kevin L. Shade5 Cell Cycle in Bioprocesses 71Mariam Naciri and Mohamed Al-rubeai6 Cell Growth and Protein Expression Kinetics 85Dhinakar S. Kompala7 Cell Viability Measurement 97Ning Wei and Benjamin Sommer8 Contamination Detection in Animal Cell Culture 105Carol Mclean and Colin Harbour9 Culture Collections and Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) 131David Smith10 Culture Preservation 153Robert L. Gherna11 Expression and Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Bacillus and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria 163Boyke Bunk, Rebekka Biedendieck, Dieter Jahn, and Patricia S. Vary12 Gene Expression in Human Cells 181Marco A. Cacciuttolo, Gene Lee, John Chon, and John Lewis13 Gene expression in Pichia and other methylotroph yeast 195Koti Sreekrishna14 Gene Expression in Recombinant Animal Cells and Transgenic Animals 213Richard M. Twyman and Bruce Whitelaw15 Inoculum Expansion Methods, Animal Cell Lines 297Claudia Kloth, Glenn Maclsaac, Haile Ghebremariam, and Alahari Arunakumari16 Insect Cell Culture 311Someet Narang, Erik M. Whiteley, Sunyia Hussain, and Michael J. Betenbaugh17 Kinetics of Microbial Growth 331Nicolai S. Panikov18 Microalgae, Mass Culture Methods 371Emílio Molina Grima, Jose María Fernández Sevilla, and Francisco Gabriel Acién Fernández19 Microbial Growth Measurement 399Arthur L. Koch20 Microbial Media Composition 413Rosalie J. Cote21 Microscopic Characterization of Cells 437Erwin Huebner22 Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures 467Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler23 Protein Glycosylation: Analysis, Characterization, and Engineering 489Mikael R. Andersen, Jong Hyun Nam, and Susan T. Sharfstein24 Secretion of Heterologous Proteins, Gram Positive Bacteria 543Eric Morello, Isabelle Poquet, Philippe Langella25 Soluble Protein Expression in Bacteria 557Catherine H. ScheinPART III MEDIA, CELL LINES AND PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 57926 Animal Cell Culture Media 581Natarajan Vijayasankaran, Jincai Li, Robert Shawley, Aaron Chen, Masaru Shiratori, Martin Gawlitzek, Feng Li, Robert Kiss, and Ashraf Amanullah27 Animal Cell Culture, Effects of Osmolality and Temperature 599James C. Warren and Shyamsundar Subramanian28 Animal Cell Stability 617Martin S. Sinacore, Timothy S. Charlebois, Denis Drapeau, Mark Leonard, Scott Harrison, and S. Robert Adamson29 Animal Cell Types, Hybridomas 635K. Heilmann and B. Micheel30 Antibody Production, Human Recombinant 645Stefan Dübel31 Antifoams and Pluronic Polyols, Cell Protection 663David W. Murhammer32 Biominiaturization of Bioreactors 669Michael A. Hanson and Govind Rao33 Inoculum Preparation 699Craig J.L. Gershater34 Microcarrier Culture 711Susan T. Sharfstein and Christian Kaisermayer35 Monoclonal Antibody Production, Cell Lines 733Julia F. Markusen and David K. Robinson36 Plant Cell Culture, Laboratory Techniques 747Mark Richard Fowler37 Scale-Up of Biotechnological Processes 759Marko ZlokarnikVOLUME II: EQUIPMENT, PROCESS DESIGN, SENSING, CONTROL, AND cGMP OPERATIONSPREFACE ixCONTRIBUTORS xiPART IV BIOREACTOR DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCESS SENSING AND CONTROL 78938 Aeration, Mixing, and Hydrodynamics in Animal Cell Bioreactors 791Ruben Godoy-Silva, Claudia Berdugo, and Jeffrey J. Chalmers39 Biocatalytic Membrane Reactors 821Lidietta Giorno and Enrico Drioli40 Bioreactor Scale-Down 847Laura A. Palomares, Alvaro R. Lara, and Octavio T. Ramírez41 Bioreactor Scale-Up 863Laura A. Palomares and Octavio T. Ramírez42 Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors 887J.C. Merchuk and F. Garcia Camacho43 Bioreactors, Continuous Culture of Plant Cells 955H.J.G. Ten Hoopen44 Bioreactors, Fluidized-Bed 963Winfried Storhas45 Bioreactors, Gas-Treatment 979Graham Andrews and William Apel46 Bioreactors, Perfusion 995Wei Wen Su47 Bioreactors: Rotating Biological Contactors 1013Susana Cortez, Pilar Teixeira, Rosário Oliveira, and Manuel Mota48 Bioreactors, Stirred Tank for Culture of Plant Cells 1031Pauline M. Doran49 Cell Immobilization, Engineering Aspects 1069Ronnie Willaert50 Fermenter/Bioreactor Design 1101Marvin Charles and Jack Wilson51 Gas-Holdup in Bioreactors 1137Christian Sieblist and Andreas Lübbert52 Immobilization of Proteins and Enzymes, Mesoporous Supports 1147Martin Hartmann and Dirk Jung53 Immobilized Cells 1179Manojlovic Verica, Bugarski Branko, and Nedovic Viktor54 Immobilized Enzymes 1201Jose M. Guisan, Lorena Betancor, and Gloria Fernandez-Lorente55 Impeller Selection, Animal Cell Culture 1219Alvin W. Nienow56 Mammalian Cell Bioreactors 1233Weichang Zhou, Gargi Seth, Maria J. Guardia, and Wei-Shou Hu57 Mammalian Cell Culture Reactors, Scale-Up 1245J. Bryan Griffiths58 Mass Transfer 1261Yusuf Chisti59 Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination Methods 1303Felix Garcia-Ochoa and Emilio Gomez60 Photobioreactors 1327Mario R. Tredici, Graziella Chini Zittelli and Liliana Rodolfi61 Rheological Behavior of Fermentation Fluids 1347Colin R. Thomas and Grainne L. Riley62 Rheology of Filamentous Microorganisms, Submerged Culture 1359Maria Papagianni63 Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control 1377Bo Mattiasson and Martin Hedström64 Solid State Fermentation, Kinetics 1387David A. Mitchell, Deidre M. Stuart, and Robert D. Tanner65 Solid Substrate Fermentation, Automation 1413Mario Fernández-fernández and J. Ricardo Pérez-correa66 Stainless Steels 1427C.P. Dillon67 Static Mixing, Fermentation Processes 1435Radu Z. Tudose and Maria Gavrilescu68 Transfer Phenomena in Multiphase Systems 1451Rodica-Viorica RomanPART V PROCESS ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES (PAT) 146969 Bioprocess and Fermentation Monitoring 1471Michael Pohlscheidt, Salim Charaniya, Marco Jenzsch, Christopher Bork, Tim L. Noetzel, and Andreas Luebbert70 Flow Injection Analysis in Industrial Biotechnology 1493Elo Harald Hansen and Manuel Miró71 Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring 1511Fabienne Anton, Carsten Lindemann, Bernd Hitzmann, Kenneth F. Reardon, and Thomas Scheper72 Off-Line Analysis in Animal Cell Culture 1523Heino Büntemeyer73 Process Analytical Technology: Strategies for Biopharmaceuticals 1543Anurag S. Rathore and Gautam Kapoor74 Vent Gas Analysis 1567David Pollard and Jens ChristensenPART VI UPSTREAM cGMP OPERATIONS 158575 Antibody Manufacture, Disposable Systems 1587Regine Eibl and Dieter Eibl76 Bioreactor Operations 1595David R. Gray77 Bioreactors, Cell Culture, Commercial Production 1635Tan-Che Zhou, Wen-Wen Zhou, Weiwei Hu, and Jian-Jiang Zhong78 Biotransformation, Process Optimization 1665Lutz Hilterhaus, Andreas Liese, and Udo Kragl79 Foam Formation and Control in Bioreactors 1679Frank Delvigne and Jean-Paul Lecomte80 Pilot Plants, Design and Operation 1695Beth H. Junker81 Shear Sensitivity 1719Yusuf Chisti82 Sterilization and Decontamination, Bioprocess Equipment 1763Peter L. RobertsINDEX 1781