Ceramic Matrix Composites

Dr. Narottam P. Bansal is a Senior Research Scientist in the Ceramic and Polymer Composites Branch, Materials and Structures Division, at NASA Glenn Research Center. Previously, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and research associate at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. He is the author or editor of six books, 37 conference proceedings, six invited chapters, and three review articles. Dr. Bansal has to date published over 230 papers, including more than 100 peer-reviewed journal papers on glass, ceramics, and composites and holds seven US patents.Dr. Jacques Lamon is Director of Research at CNRS (National Centre of Scientific Research). He recently joined the Laboratory for Mechanics and Technology (LMT) at Ecole Normale Supérieure Cachan (Paris, France). Before that he was Group Leader at LCTS (Laboratory for Thermostructural Composites, University of Bordeaux/CNRS, France), and Professor at the University of Bordeaux, France. He earned his PhD in materials science and engineering in 1978 from Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines. He is the author of one book, twelve invited chapters, fourteen conference proceedings, and three journal special issues. He has written over 200 articles on ceramics and ceramic matrix composites.

“But I suppose the most interesting chapters just to read are the last on applications. These alone would convince me to buy this book. But include all the other chapters and you, as a materials scientist, have a book that will not sit in your bookcase but will remain on your desk for constant reference.”  (Chromatographia, 1 May 2015)

• Preface xvContributors xviiPart I Fibers: Interface and Architecture 11 Reinforcement of Ceramic Matrix Composites: Properties of SiC-Based Filaments and Tows 3Jacques Lamon, Stéphane Mazerat, and Mohamed R’Mili1.1 Introduction 31.2 Processing of SiC-Based Filaments 41.3 Fracture Characteristics of Single Filaments 61.4 Multifilament Tows 111.5 Mechanical Behavior at High Temperatures 161.6 Summary 23References 232 Carbon Fibers 27Herwig Peterlik2.1 Introduction/Production Routes 272.2 Structure of Carbon Fibers 282.3 Stiffness and Strength of Carbon Fibers 322.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 36Acknowledgments 37References 373 Influence of Interfaces and Interphases on the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites 40Jacques Lamon3.1 Introduction 403.2 Role of Interfacial Domain in CMCs 413.3 Influence of Deflected Cracks 493.4 Strengthened Interfaces and Interphases 513.5 Various Concepts of Weak Interfaces/Interphases 563.6 Determination of Interfacial Properties 563.7 Interface Selection 603.8 Conclusions 60References 614 Textile Reinforcements: Architectures, Mechanical Behavior, and Forming 65Philippe Boisse4.1 Introduction 654.2 Textile Composite Reinforcements 654.3 Reinforcements of Ceramic Composites 744.4 Preforming Simulation 764.5 Conclusion 81References 82Part II Composite Materials 855 Carbon/Carbons and Their Industrial Applications 87Hiroshi Hatta, Roland Weiss, and Patrick David5.1 Introduction 875.2 Manufacturing of Carbon/Carbons 875.3 Strengths 975.4 Thermal Properties of Carbon/Carbon Composites 1095.5 Oxidation Protection of Carbon/Carbon 1185.6 Industrial Applications of Carbon/Carbons 126References 1406 C/SiC and C/C-SiC Composites 147Bernhard Heidenreich6.1 Introduction 1476.2 Manufacturing Methods 1496.3 Properties 1746.4 Applications 1916.5 Summary 209Acknowledgments 209Abbreviations 210References 2117 Advances in SiC/SiC Composites for Aero-Propulsion 217James A. DiCarlo7.1 Introduction 2177.2 Materials and Process Requirements for Structurally Reliable High Temperature SiC/SiC Components 2187.3 Current Fabrication Routes for SiC/SiC Engine Components 2197.4 Recent NASA Advancements in SiC/SiC Materials and Processes 2207.5 Current Microstructural Design Guidelines and Potential Service Issues for Higher Temperature SiC/SiC Components 2327.6 Concluding Remarks 233Acknowledgments 233References 2338 Oxide–Oxide Composites 236Kristin A. Keller, George Jefferson, and Ronald J. Kerans8.1 Introduction 2368.2 Composite Design for Tough Behavior 2378.3 Fibers and Fiber Architecture 2408.4 Processing Methods 2418.5 Porous Matrix Composite Systems 2488.6 Properties 2508.7 Composites with Interface Coatings 2578.8 Technology Development 2618.9 Potential Future for Oxide–Oxide Composites 263Acknowledgments 264References 2649 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites 273Yutaka Kagawa and Shuqi Guo9.1 Introduction 2739.2 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites with Particulates 2739.3 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites with Short Fibers 2859.4 Summary Remarks and Future Outlook 288References 290Part III Environmental Effects and Coatings 29310 Environmental Effects on Oxide/Oxide Composites 295Marina B. Ruggles-Wrenn10.1 Introduction/Background 29510.2 Mechanical Behavior—Effects of Environment 29610.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 330References 33111 Stress-Environmental Effects on Fiber-Reinforced SiC-Based Composites 334Gregory N. Morscher11.1 Introduction/Background 33411.2 Mechanisms 33411.3 Composite Systems 33711.4 Modeling and Design for Stress-Oxidation Degradation 34511.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 350Acknowledgments 350References 35012 Environmental Effects: Ablation of C/C Materials—Surface Dynamics and Effective Reactivity 353Gerard L. Vignoles, Jean Lachaud, and Yvan Aspa12.1 Introduction/Background 35312.2 Materials Observation: Recession Rate 36512.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 383Acknowledgments 384References 38413 Radiation Effects 389Yutai Katoh13.1 Introduction 38913.2 Theory of Radiation Damage 38913.3 Radiation Effects on Ceramics 39213.4 Radiation Effects in Ceramic Matrix Composites 39413.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 401Acknowledgment 402References 40214 Foreign Object Damage in Ceramic Matrix Composites 405Sung R. Choi14.1 Introduction/Background 40514.2 Experimental Techniques 40614.3 Phenomena of Foreign Object Damage in CMCs 40914.4 FOD Response of Environmental Barrier Coatings 42214.5 Comparison of CMCs and Silicon Nitrides 42414.6 Consideration Factors of FOD in CMCs 42514.7 Concluding Remarks 426Acknowledgments 426References 42615 Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiCf/SiC 430Kang N. Lee15.1 Introduction 43015.2 Background 43115.3 Evolution of EBCs 43715.4 Processing, Testing, and Lifing 44215.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 448References 44816 Oxidation Protective Coatings for Ultrahigh Temperature Composites 452Qiangang Fu and Yiguang Wang16.1 Introduction 45216.2 Basic Requirements of Anti-Oxidation Coating for C/C and C/SiC Composites 45316.3 Preparation Methods of Anti-Oxidation Coatings 45416.4 Oxidation-Resistant Coating Systems 45616.5 Composite Coating 46016.6 Summary 460References 461Part IV Modeling 46517 Damage and Lifetime Modeling for Structure Computations 467Pierre Ladevèze, Emmanuel Baranger, Martin Genet, and Christophe Cluzel17.1 Introduction 46717.2 Damage Modeling Based on an Anisotropic Damage Theory Including Closure Effects 46817.3 Multiscale Modeling of the Oxidation/Damage Coupling and the Self-Healing Effects 48117.4 Prediction Capabilities 503References 51518 Approach to Microstructure–Behavior Relationships for Ceramic Matrix Composites Reinforced by Continuous Fibers 520Jacques Lamon18.1 Introduction 52018.2 Composite Mechanical Behavior 52118.3 Constituent Properties and Length Scales 52618.4 Modeling of Stress–Strain Behavior 53118.5 Virtual Testing: Computational Approach for Woven Composites 53918.6 Predictions of Rupture Time 54218.7 Conclusions 545References 546Part V Joining 54919 Integration and Joining of Ceramic Matrix Composites 551Monica Ferraris and Valentina Casalegno19.1 Introduction/Background 55119.2 Mechanical Joining and Integration of CMC 55219.3 Adhesive Joining of CMC 55319.4 Brazing of CMC 55319.5 Liquid Silicon Infiltration 55419.6 ArcJoinT 55419.7 “Exotic” Techniques for Integration And Joining of CMC 55519.8 Back to Basic: Joints for CMC Like in Wood-Based Products 55819.9 Special Issues 56019.10 Mechanical Tests on Joined CMC 56119.11 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 562Acknowledgments 563References 563Part VI Nondestructive Evaluation 56920 Use of Acoustic Emission for Ceramic Matrix Composites 571Gregory N. Morscher and Nathalie Godin20.1 Introduction/Background 57120.2 AE Principles and Practice 57220.3 Event-Based AE Monitoring of CMCs 57520.4 AE Signal Analysis Using Pattern Recognition Techniques 58020.5 High Temperature Testing and AE Monitoring 58420.6 Acoustic Emission and Lifetime Prediction During Static Fatigue Tests 58620.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions 588References 589Part VII Applications 59121 CMC Applications to Gas Turbines 593Patrick Spriet21.1 Introduction 59321.2 CMC Developments for Military Engines 59421.3 CMC R&D for Commercial Engines 60021.4 Summary and Insertion Issues 607References 60822 Ceramic Matrix Composites: Nuclear Applications 609Cédric Sauder22.1 Introduction 60922.2 CMC Fusion Applications 61022.3 CMC Fission Applications 61622.4 Processing of C/C Composites for Nuclear Applications 62422.5 Processing of SiC/SiC Composites for Nuclear Applications 62722.6 Conclusions and Perspectives 641Acknowledgment 642References 64223 Ceramic Matrix Composites for Friction Applications 647Walter Krenkel and Jacques Georges Thébault23.1 Introduction 64723.2 Carbon/Carbon for Friction Applications 64723.3 Carbon/Ceramic for Friction Applications 65723.4 Conclusions 668Acknowledgments 669References 669Index 673