Scale-Sensitive Governance of the Environment

Frans Padt is Senior Lecturer of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education and Landscape Architecture at the Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Sciences of the Environment from Radboud University Nijmegen. Paul Opdam is Professor at Wageningen University and Alterra Research Institute in Wageningen. He has a background in landscape ecology and specializes in collaborative landscape planning with ecosystem services in social-ecological networks.Nico Polman is Senior Researcher at the Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI Wageningen UR) in The Hague. He obtained his Ph.D. degree on the thesis titled Institutional Economics Analysis of Contractual Arrangements Addressing Wildlife and Landscape Management on Dutch Farms in 2002.Catrien Termeer is Professor of Public Administration and Policy at Wageningen University. She holds a Ph.D. in Public Administration from Erasmus University Rotterdam.

“Overall, I think that this book makes a genuinely useful contribution to the fields of scaling and governance and would highly recommend it as reading for those who are grappling with similar issues.”  (Restoration Ecology, 1 March 2015)

• List of Contributors xForeword xiiiPreface xvList of Abbreviations xx1 Concepts of scale 1Frans Padt and Bas Arts1.1 Introduction 11.2 Definitions of scale 21.3 Scale-sensitive governance of . . . what? 41.4 Scale as a reality . . . or not? 81.5 The politics of scale 111.6 Acknowledgements 132 Incorporating multiple ecological scales into the governance of landscape services 17Paul Opdam2.1 Introduction 172.2 The social-ecological system at the local scale 192.3 Ecological scales and local social-ecological systems 222.4 Incorporating the ecological scale hierarchy into social-ecological system decision-making 252.5 Discussion and conclusions 302.6 Acknowledgements 333 Scale-sensitivity as a governance capability: Observing, acting and enabling 38Catrien Termeer and Art Dewulf3.1 Introduction 383.2 Scales in monocentric governance 393.3 Scales in multilevel governance 423.4 Scales in adaptive governance 443.5 The contours of scale-sensitivity as a governance capability 473.6 Conclusion 514 Knowledge of competing claims on natural resources: Toward institutional design and integrative negotiations 56Nico Polman, Arianne de Blaeij and Maja Slingerland4.1 Introduction 564.2 Competing claims approach on natural resources 574.3 Types of knowledge in competing claims approaches 614.4 Distributive approaches toward competing claims negotiations 654.5 Integrative approaches to negotiations on competing claims 664.6 Conclusions 694.7 Acknowledgements 705 The relevance of scale to water governance: An example from Loweswater, UK 73Lisa Norton, Stephen Maberly, Claire Waterton, Nigel Watson and Judith Tsouvalis5.1 Introduction 735.2 Loweswater 745.3 The Loweswater Care Project (LCP) 795.4 The importance of scale at Loweswater 825.5 Conclusions 856 Multiple-level governance is needed in the social-ecological system of alpine cultural landscapes 90Rocco Scolozzi, Ian D Soane and Alessandro Gretter6.1 Introduction 906.2 The concepts of SES, resilience and panarchy in the context of a cultural landscape 926.3 A mixed method approach 936.4 The cultural landscape of the Ledro Valley: Internal dynamics leading to unplanned futures 946.5 Discussion and conclusion 1016.6 Acknowledgements 1037 Beyond localism: The spatial scale and scaling in energy transitions 106Philipp Spath and Harald Rohracher7.1 Introduction 1067.2 Creating space for the spatial scale and scaling in conceptualizations of sustainability transitions 1077.3 The governance of sustainability transitions and its spatial dimensions: Two case studies reconsidered 1107.4 Learning from the cases: Can place-bound particularities and scaling influence sustainability transitions? 1157.5 Conclusions and outlook 1187.6 Acknowledgements 1198 Tracing drivers of global environmental change along the governance scale: Methodological challenges and possibilities 122Sylvia I Karlsson-Vinkhuyzen8.1 What makes environmental issues global? 1228.2 Methodological challenges in a multilevel analysis 1248.3 Multilevel analysis of drivers for pesticide problems 1278.4 Multilevel drivers for the pesticide problem 1318.5 Multilevel drivers for multiple problems 1348.6 Concluding reflections on the multilevel analysis of drivers 1359 'Glocal' politics of scale on environmental issues: Climate change, water and forests 140Joyeeta Gupta9.1 Introduction 1409.2 A theoretical framework 1419.3 Case studies 1429.4 Comparative analysis 1489.5 Conclusions 1529.6 Acknowledgements 15310 The politics of cross-level interactions in the jurisdictional scale: The case of natural resource management in the South 157Daniel Compagnon10.1 Introduction 15710.2 Scaling up and scaling down: Some clarifications 15810.3 Re-assessing the state in the South 16010.4 The state and the rescaling processes 16110.5 Conclusion 16611 Rescaling environmental governance: The case of watersheds as scale-sensitive governance? 172Alice Cohen11.1 Introduction 17211.2 Watersheds as rescaling 17311.3 Understanding the implications of rescaling 17711.4 Conclusions: Watersheds as everything to everyone? 18111.5 Acknowledgements 18312 Urban sustainability pilot projects: Fit or misfit between challenge and solution? 188Sofie Bouteligier12.1 Introduction 18812.2 Scaling urban environmental governance 19012.3 How pilot projects inspire sustainability transitions 19112.4 Urban pilot projects: The way forward? 19612.5 Conclusion 19713 Tensions between global-scale and national-scale governance: The strategic use of scale frames to promote sustainable palm oil production in Indonesia 203Otto Hospes and Annemoon Kentin13.1 Introduction 20313.2 Scale and scale frames 20413.3 Do national principles for sustainable palm oil specify or challenge global principles? 20713.4 The interactive development and strategic use of scale frames 20913.5 Conclusions 21413.6 Acknowledgements 21714 Rethinking governance of complex commodity systems: Evidence from the Nepali tea value chain 220Sarah Mohan14.1 Introduction 22014.2 Conceptualizing scale in commodity systems 22114.3 Case study: Mismatches in the Nepali tea heterarchy 22614.4 Insights into scale in private economic governance 23414.5 Conclusions 23814.6 Acknowledgements 23815 An approach to analysing scale-sensitivity and scale-effectiveness of governance in biodiversity conservation 241Eeva Primmer, Riikka Paloniemi, Raphael Mathevet, Evangelia Apostolopoulou, Joseph Tzanopoulos, Irene Ring, Marianne Kettunen, Jukka Simila, Joanna Cent, Magorzata Grodzinska-Jurczak, Thomas Koellner, Paula Antunes, John D Pantis, Simon G Potts and Rui Santos15.1 Introduction 24115.2 Scales and biodiversity conservation 24315.3 Governance mechanisms 24415.4 Scales and real-world biodiversity governance in Europe 24715.5 Discussion: Governance mechanisms generating scale-sensitivity and scale-effectiveness 25215.6 Conclusions 25615.7 Acknowledgements 25716 Scale-sensitive evaluation: The contribution of the EU Rural Development Programme to European water quality ambitions 263Stijn Reinhard, Vincent Linderhof and Nico Polman16.1 Introduction 26316.2 Changing governance in rural development programmes 26516.3 Evaluation of the Rural Development Programme 26716.4 Case study at the member state level 27316.5 Conclusions and challenges 27816.6 Acknowledgements 27917 Green infrastructure planning at multiple levels of scale: Experiences from the Autonomous Region of Valencia, Spain 283Arancha Munoz-Criado and Vicente Domenech17.1 Introduction 28317.2 The former planning model: Lack of coordination between levels of government in the Region of Valencia 28417.3 A new framework for integrating urban planning, strategic environmental assessment and landscape planning, based on a multilevel Green Infrastructure 28617.4 Developing Green Infrastructure at different scales: Examples of plans and projects 29417.5 Conclusion: Benefits of Green Infrastructure as the structuring element for planning at all scales 29918 Synthesis and perspectives for a new research field 302Frans Padt, Paul Opdam, Nico Polman and Catrien Termeer18.1 Introduction 30218.2 A brief summary of the main insights 30218.3 Conceptual model 30618.4 Scale-sensitive governance in practice 30718.5 Perspectives for a new research field 315References 316Index 318Color plates between pages 170 and 171