Green Carbon Dioxide

GABRIELE CENTI is Full Professor of Industrial Chemistry at the University of Messina and President of the European Research Institute of Catalysis. He is a former President of the European Federation of Catalysis Societies and current Vice President of the International Association of Catalysis Societies. Dr. Centi is Chair of the Editorial Board of ChemSusChem and Chief Editor of the book series Studies in Catalysis and Surface Science and Green Energy.SIGLINDA PERATHONER is Associate Professor of Industrial Chemistry at the University of Messina. Her research examines nanostructured zeolites, catalytic membranes, catalysts for waste water purification and remediation, photo(electro)catalytic conversion of CO2, and fuel cells. Dr. Perathoner is the author of more than 160 publications.

• Preface xiAcknowledgments xviiContributors xix1. Perspectives and State of the Art in Producing Solar Fuels and Chemicals from CO2 1Gabriele Centi and Siglinda Perathoner1.1 Introduction1.2 Solar Fuels and Chemicals From CO2 81.3 Toward Artificial Leaves 161.4 Conclusions 19Acknowledgments 20References 202. Transformation of Carbon Dioxide to Useable Products Through Free Radical-Induced Reactions 25G. R. Dey2.1 Introduction 252.2 Chemical Reduction of CO2 292.3 Conclusions 46Acknowledgments 46References 463. Synthesis of Useful Compounds from CO2 51Boxun Hu and Steven L. Suib3.1 Introduction 513.2 Photochemical Reduction 533.3 Electrochemical Reduction 553.4 Electrocatalytic Reduction 573.5 CO2 Hydrogenation 713.6 CO2 Reforming 843.7 Prospects in CO2 Reduction 86Acknowledgments 86References 864. Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Liquid Fuels 99Muthu Kumaran Gnanamani, Gary Jacobs, Venkat Ramana Rao Pendyala, Wenping Ma, and Burtron H. Davis4.1 Introduction 994.2 Methanation of Carbon Dioxide 1004.3 Methanol and Higher Alcohol Synthesis by CO2 Hydrogenation 1024.4 Hydrocarbons Through Modified Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 1054.5 Conclusions 114References 1155. Direct Synthesis of Organic Carbonates from CO2 and Alcohols Using Heterogeneous Oxide Catalysts 119Yoshinao Nakagawa, Masayoshi Honda, and Keiichi Tomishige5.1 Introduction 1205.2 Ceria-Based Catalysts 1225.3 Zirconia-Based Catalysts 1375.4 Other Metal Oxide Catalysts 1455.5 Conclusions and Outlook 145References 1466. High-Solar-Efficiency Utilization of CO2: the STEP (Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production) of Energetic Molecules 149Stuart Licht6.1 Introduction 1496.2 Solar Thermal Electrochemical Production of Energetic Molecules: an Overview 1516.3 Demonstrated STEP Processes 1656.4 STEP Constraints 1806.5 Conclusions 186Acknowledgments 186References 1867. Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 in Methanol Medium 191M. Murugananthan, S. Kaneco, H. Katsumata, T. Suzuki and M. Kumaravel7.1 Introduction 1917.2 Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 in Methanol Medium 1937.3 Mechanisms of CO2 Reduction in Nonaqueous Protic (CH3OH) Medium 2107.4 Conclusions 211References 2138. Synthetic Fuel Production from the Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide 215Navadol Laosiripojana, Kajornsak Faungnawakij, and Suttichai Assabumrungrat8.1 Introduction 2158.2 General Aspects of CO2 Reforming 2188.3 Catalyst Selection for CO2 Reforming Reaction 2218.4 Reactor Technology for Dry Reforming 2288.5 Conversion of Synthesis Gas to Synthetic Fuels 2308.6 Conclusions 239Acknowledgments 240References 2409. Fuel Production from Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with Water Using TiO2-Based Nanocomposites 245Ying Li9.1 Introduction 2459.2 CO2 Photoreduction: Principles and Challenges 2469.3 TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for CO2 Photoreduction: Material Innovations 2479.4 Photocatalysis Experiments 2549.5 CO2 Photoreduction Activity 2559.6 Reaction Mechanism and Factors Influencing Catalytic Activity 2599.7 Conclusions and Future Research Recommendations 265References 26510. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Hydrocarbons Using Carbon-Based AgBr Nanocomposites Under Visible Light 269Mudar Abou Asi, Chun He, Qiong Zhang, Zuocheng Xu, Jingling Yang, Linfei Zhu, Yanling Huang, Ya Xiong, and Dong Shu10.1 Introduction 26910.2 Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction for CO2 27010.3 Carbon Dioxide Reduction 27110.4 AgBr Nanocomposites 27410.5 Conclusions 283Acknowledgments 283References 28411. Use of Carbon Dioxide in Enhanced Oil Recovery and Carbon Capture and Sequestration 287Suguru Uemura, Shohji Tsushima, and Shuichiro Hirai11.1 Introduction 28711.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery 28811.3 Carbon Capture and Sequestration 29411.4 Future Tasks 29811.5 Summary 298References 298Index 301