Johanna Ray Vollhardt is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at Clark University and affiliated with the Strassler Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, with a concentration in the Psychology of Peace and Violence. Her research focuses on inclusive victim consciousness, prosocial behavior, and intergroup relations in the aftermath of collective violence.Michal Bilewicz is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw. He serves as the Director of the Center for Research on Prejudice at the University of Warsaw. He was Fulbright Junior Visiting Researcher at the New School for Social Research and DAAD Post- Doctoral Researcher at University of Jena in Germany. His research focuses on reconciliation processes, linguistic forms of prejudice, anti-Semitism, moral emotions, and dehumanization.

• INTRODUCTIONAfter the Genocide: Psychological Perspectives on Victim, Bystander, and Perpetrator GroupsJohanna Ray Vollhardt and Michal BilewiczSECTION I: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON PROCESSES AMONG PERPETRATOR GROUPSNational Narrative and Social Psychological Influences in Turks’ Denial of the Mass Killings of Armenians as GenocideRezarta BilaliMoral Immemorial: The Rarity of Self-Criticism for Previous Generations’ Genocide or Mass ViolenceColin Wayne Leach, Fouad Bou Zeineddine, and Sabina Cehajic-ClancyThou Shall Not Kill . . . Your Brother: Victim–Perpetrator Cultural Closeness and Moral Disapproval of Polish Atrocities against Jews after the HolocaustMiroslaw Kofta and Patrycja SlawutaWhen the Past is Far from Dead: How Ongoing Consequences of Genocides Committed by the Ingroup Impact Collective GuiltRoland Imhoff, Michael J. A. Wohl, and Hans-Peter ErbSECTION II: CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HEALING AMONG VICTIM GROUPSChild Survivors of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and Trauma-Related AffectSuzanne KaplanRestoring Self in Community: Collective Approaches to Psychological Trauma after GenocideLaurie Anne PearlmanSECTION III: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON PROCESSES AMONG VICTIM GROUPSThe “Never Again” State of Israel: The Emergence of the Holocaust as a Core Feature of Israeli Identity and Its Four Incongruent VoicesYechiel Klar, Noa Shori-Eyal, and Yonat Klar“Crime against Humanity” or “Crime against Jews”? Acknowledgment in Construals of the Holocaust and Its Importance for Intergroup RelationsJohanna Ray VollhardtSECTION IV: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION AND PREVENTIONReconciliation through the Righteous: The Narratives of Heroic Helpers as a Fulfillment of Emotional Needs in Polish–Jewish Intergroup ContactMichal Bilewicz and Manana JaworskaA World without Genocide: Prevention, Reconciliation, and the Creation of Peaceful SocietiesErvin StaubCOMMENTARY ON THE ISSUEThe Aftermath of Genocide: History as a Proximal CausePeter Glick and Elizabeth Levy Paluck