Safety and Biological Effects in MRI

Editors Devashish Shrivastava, In Vivo Temperatures, LLC, USA J. Thomas Vaughan, Columbia University in the City of New York, USA

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• Contributors xvSeries Preface xxiiiPreface xxvAcknowledgments xxviiPart A: Static and Gradient Fields 11 Static and Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Their Effects in MRIsZhenyu Zhang and Stuart Feltham 32 Magnetic-field-induced Vertigo in the MR EnvironmentPaul Glover 233 Effects of Magnetic Fields and Field Gradients on Living CellsJarek Wosik, Martha Villagran, Ahmed Uosef, Rafik M. Ghobrial, John H. Miller Jr., and Malgorzata Kloc 334 Effect of Strong Time-varying Magnetic Field Gradients on HumansJohn Nyenhuis and David Gross 535 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Modeling for MRIMathias Davids, Bastien Guérin, Lothar R. Schad, and Lawrence L. Wald 676 Magnetically Induced Force and Torque on Medical DevicesTerry O. Woods 877 A Review of MRI Acoustic Noise and its Potential Impact on Patient and Worker HealthMichael C. Steckner 958 Modeling Blood FlowMichael Keith Sharp 1199 Effect of Magnetic Field on Blood FlowG.C. Shit and Sreeparna Majee 133Part B: Radiofrequency Fields 15910 Safety Standards for MRIMichael C. Steckner 16111 On the Choice of RF Safety Metric in MRI: Temperature, SAR, or Thermal DoseDevashish Shrivastava 17312 RF Coil and MR SafetyJ. Thomas Vaughan 18113 Local SAR Assessment for Multitransmit Systems: A Study on the Peak Local SAR Value as a Function of Magnetic Field StrengthAlexander J.E. Raaijmakers and Bart R. Steensma 19514 Radio Frequency Safety Assessment for Open Source Pulse Sequence ProgrammingSairam Geethanath, Julie Kabil, and J. Thomas Vaughan 20715 RF Heating Due to a 3T Birdcage Whole-body Transmit Coil in Anesthetized SheepSamat Turdumamatov, Çagda¸ ¢¨ s Oto, Oktay Alg©¥n, Hamza Ergüder, and Tahir Malas 21916 In Vivo Radiofrequency Heating due to 1.5, 3, and 7 T Whole-body Volume CoilsShuo Song, Ji Chen, Rongxing Zhang, Qiang He, J. Thomas Vaughan, and Devashish Shrivastava 22717 Temperature Management and Radiofrequency Heating During Pediatric MRI ScansStanley Thomas Fricke, Marjean H. Cefaratti, and Andrew Matisoff 23918 Failure to Monitor and Maintain Thermal Comfort During an MRI Scan: A Perspective from a Thermal Physiologist Turned PatientChristopher J. Gordon 24519 MR Thermometry to Assess Heating Induced by RF Coils Used in MRIHenrik Odéen, John Rock Hadley, Dylan Palomino, Katelynn Stroth, and Dennis L. Parker 25120 Heating of RF CoilJoseph Murphy-Boesch 27321 RF-Induced Heating in Bare and Covered Stainless Steel Rods: Effect of Length, Covering, and DiameterSunder Rajan, Peter Serano, Joshua Guag, Tayeb Zaidi, Kyoko Fujimoto, Maria Ida Iacono, and Leonardo M. Angelone 28922 On the Development of a Novel Leg Phantom for RF Safety Assessment for Circular Ring External Fixation Devices in 1.5 TXing Huang and Ji Chen 29523 RF Safety of Active Implantable Medical DevicesBerk Silemek, Volkan Aç©¥kel, and Ergin Atalar 31124 An Analysis of Factors Influencing MRI RF Safety for Patients with AIMDsJingshen Liu, Jianfeng Zheng, Qingyan Wang, and Ji Chen 33325 On Using Fluoroptic Thermometry to Measure Time-varying Temperatures in MRIDevashish Shrivastava, Mykhaylo Nosovskyy, and Charles A. Lemaire 34526 On Using Magnetic Resonance Thermometry to Measure 'Strong' Spatio-temporal Tissue Temperature Variations and Compute Thermal DoseDevashish Shrivastava 35127 The Use and Safety of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles in MRI and MFHHattie L. Ring, John C. Bischof, and Michael Garwood 36128 Numerical Simulation for MRI RF Coils and SafetyJulie M. Kabil and Anand Gopinath 37929 Integral Equation Approach to Modeling RF Fields in Human Body in MRI Systems for SafetyAnand Gopinath 39930 Safety Practices and Protocols in the MR Research Center of the Columbia University in the City of New YorkKathleen Durkin, Dania Elder, and David H. Gultekin 407Part C: Engineering 42131 History, Physics, and Design of Superconducting Magnets for MRIBruce Breneman 42332 Fabrication of Superconducting Magnets for MRIBruce Breneman 44733 Magnet Field Shimming and External Ferromagnetic Influences on the Homogeneity and Site Shielding of Superconducting MRI MagnetsBruce Breneman 46934 Gradient CoilsMaxim Zaitsev, Philipp Amrein, Feng Jia, and Sebastian Littin 48935 RF Coil Construction for MRIJ. Thomas Vaughan and Russell Lagore 503Index 521