Professor Richard Fortey, F.R.S. is Merit Researcher at the Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum.

• Introduction 2 Summary of previous research on the Ordovician of Spitsbergen 3Stratigraphy of the Kirtonryggen Formation 4Stratigraphic sub-divisions and age 4Tremadocian–Floian boundary 9Correlation with other areas of Ordovician Laurentia 10Greenland 11Canada 12Northwest Scotland 13USA 13Occurrence of trilobites in the Kirtonryggen Formation 15Field occurrence 15Biofacies and biogeography 15Peculiarities of the Spitsbergen faunas 16Eastern and western Laurentia 17Origin of major trilobite clades 18Th e family Bathyuridae 19Th e problem of type species 20Morphology of Bathyuridae 21Systematic Palaeontology 23Order Aulacopleurida Adrain, 2011 23Family Hystricuridae Hupé, 1953 23Genus Svalbardicurus ngen 23Svalbardicurus delicatus nsp 24Genus Hystricurus Raymond, 1913 26Hystricurus cfHystricurus spnovB Adrain et al., 2003 26Hystricurus sp1 27Order Proetida Fortey & Owens, 1975 28Family Bathyuridae Walcott, 1886 28Sub-family Bathyurinae Walcott, 1886 28Genus Bolbocephalus Whitfi eld, 1890 28Bolbocephalus gunnari nsp 30Bolbocephalus convexus (Billings, 1865) 31Bolbocephalus stclairi Cullison, 1944 33Bolbocephalus spcfBkindlei Boyce, 1989 35Genus Catochia Fortey, 1979 35Catochia hinlopensis nsp 35Catochia ornata Fortey, 1979 37Genus Jeffersonia Poulsen, 1927 37Jeffersonia striagena nsp 38Jeffersonia viator nsp 42Jeffersonia timon (Billings, 1865) 44‘Jeffersonia’ aff Jgranosa Cullison, 1944 46Genus Peltabellia Whittington, 1953 46Peltabellia glabra nsp 47Genus Petigurus Raymond, 1913 49Petigurus nero (Billings, 1865) 49Petigurus groenlandicus Poulsen, 1937 50Genus Psalikilopsis Ross, 1953 52Psalikilopsis nspaff Pcuspicaudata Ross, 1953 53Bathyurine ngennspA 54Sub-family Bathyurellinae Hupé, 1953 55Genus Bathyurellus Billings, 1865 55Bathyurellus abruptus Billings, 1865 56Bathyurellus diclementsae nsp 57Genus Benthamaspis Poulsen, 1946 60Benthamaspis gibberula (Billings, 1865) 60Benthamaspis conica Fortey, 1979 62Genus Ceratopeltis Poulsen, 1937 63Ceratopeltis cfCbatchensis Adrain & Westrop, 2005 63Genus Chapmanopyge ngen 63Chapmanopyge cfsp1 (Loch, 2007) 65Chapmanopyge ‘amplimarginiata’ (Billings, 1865) 65Chapmanopyge cfCsanddoelaensis (Adrain & Westrop, 2005) 67Chapmanopyge nspA 68Genus Grinnellaspis Poulsen, 1946 68Grinnellaspis newfoundlandensis Boyce, 1989 68Genus Harlandaspis ngen 68Harlandaspis elongata nsp 71Genus Licnocephala Ross, 1951 74Licnocephala brevicauda (Poulsen, 1937) 74Licnocephala nspA 75Licnocephala nspB 76Licnocephala? nspC 76Genus Punka Fortey, 1979 76Punka latissima nsp 77Punka fl abelliformis Fortey, 1979 79Genus Uromystrum Whittington, 1953 80Uromystrum affi ne (Poulsen, 1937) 81Uromystrum aff Uaffine (Poulsen, 1937) 84Uromystrum drepanon nsp 85Family Dimeropygidae Hupé, 1955 86Genus Ischyrotoma Raymond, 1925 86Ischyrotoma parallela (Boyce,1989) 87Ischyrotoma nspA 89Family Proetidae Salter, 1864 90Genus Phaseolops Whittington, 1963 90Phaseolops? bobowensi nsp 90Family Telephinidae Marek, 1952 92Genus Carolinites Kobayashi, 1940 92Carolinites? nspA 92Order Corynexochida Kobayashi, 1935 94Family Illaenidae Hawle & Corda, 1847 94Genus Illaenus Dalman, 1827 94Subgenus Illaenus (Parillaenus) Jaanusson, 1954 94Illaenus (Parillaenus) primoticus nsp 94Family Leiostegiidae Bradley, 1925 96Genus Leiostegium Raymond, 1913 96Leiostegium spongiosum nsp 96Family Styginidae Vogdes, 1890 98Genus Raymondaspis P¡ribyl, 1948 98Raymondaspis? pingpong nsp 98Order Asaphida Salter, 1864 100Superfamily Asaphoidea Salter, 1864 100Family Asaphidae Salter, 1864 100Genus Lachnostoma Ross, 1951 100Lachnostoma platypyga nsp 101Genus Stenorhachis Hintze & Jaanusson, 1956 102Stenorhachis nspA 102Family Remopleurididae Hawle & Corda, 1847 104Genus Eorobergia Cooper, 1953 104Eorobergia nspA 104Superfamily Cyclopygoidea Raymond, 1925 105Family Symphysurinidae Kobayashi, 1955 105Genus Eurysymphysurina ngen 105Eurysymphysurina spora nsp 106Genus Randaynia Boyce, 1989 107Randaynia nspA 108Order Phacopida Salter, 1864 110Family Pilekiidae Sdzuy, 1955 110Genus Pilekia Barton, 1915 110Pilekia cfPtrio Hintze, 1953 110Incertae Ordinis 111Family Shumardiidae Lake, 1907 111Genus Conophrys Callaway, 1877 111Conophrys sp1 111Incertae sedis 111Genet spindet1 111Genet spindet2 111Proetid metaprotaspis 112Acknowledgements 112References 112

Professor Richard Fortey, F.R.S. is Merit Researcher at the Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum.

• Introduction 2 Summary of previous research on the Ordovician of Spitsbergen 3Stratigraphy of the Kirtonryggen Formation 4Stratigraphic sub-divisions and age 4Tremadocian–Floian boundary 9Correlation with other areas of Ordovician Laurentia 10Greenland 11Canada 12Northwest Scotland 13USA 13Occurrence of trilobites in the Kirtonryggen Formation 15Field occurrence 15Biofacies and biogeography 15Peculiarities of the Spitsbergen faunas 16Eastern and western Laurentia 17Origin of major trilobite clades 18Th e family Bathyuridae 19Th e problem of type species 20Morphology of Bathyuridae 21Systematic Palaeontology 23Order Aulacopleurida Adrain, 2011 23Family Hystricuridae Hupé, 1953 23Genus Svalbardicurus ngen 23Svalbardicurus delicatus nsp 24Genus Hystricurus Raymond, 1913 26Hystricurus cfHystricurus spnovB Adrain et al., 2003 26Hystricurus sp1 27Order Proetida Fortey & Owens, 1975 28Family Bathyuridae Walcott, 1886 28Sub-family Bathyurinae Walcott, 1886 28Genus Bolbocephalus Whitfi eld, 1890 28Bolbocephalus gunnari nsp 30Bolbocephalus convexus (Billings, 1865) 31Bolbocephalus stclairi Cullison, 1944 33Bolbocephalus spcfBkindlei Boyce, 1989 35Genus Catochia Fortey, 1979 35Catochia hinlopensis nsp 35Catochia ornata Fortey, 1979 37Genus Jeffersonia Poulsen, 1927 37Jeffersonia striagena nsp 38Jeffersonia viator nsp 42Jeffersonia timon (Billings, 1865) 44‘Jeffersonia’ aff Jgranosa Cullison, 1944 46Genus Peltabellia Whittington, 1953 46Peltabellia glabra nsp 47Genus Petigurus Raymond, 1913 49Petigurus nero (Billings, 1865) 49Petigurus groenlandicus Poulsen, 1937 50Genus Psalikilopsis Ross, 1953 52Psalikilopsis nspaff Pcuspicaudata Ross, 1953 53Bathyurine ngennspA 54Sub-family Bathyurellinae Hupé, 1953 55Genus Bathyurellus Billings, 1865 55Bathyurellus abruptus Billings, 1865 56Bathyurellus diclementsae nsp 57Genus Benthamaspis Poulsen, 1946 60Benthamaspis gibberula (Billings, 1865) 60Benthamaspis conica Fortey, 1979 62Genus Ceratopeltis Poulsen, 1937 63Ceratopeltis cfCbatchensis Adrain & Westrop, 2005 63Genus Chapmanopyge ngen 63Chapmanopyge cfsp1 (Loch, 2007) 65Chapmanopyge ‘amplimarginiata’ (Billings, 1865) 65Chapmanopyge cfCsanddoelaensis (Adrain & Westrop, 2005) 67Chapmanopyge nspA 68Genus Grinnellaspis Poulsen, 1946 68Grinnellaspis newfoundlandensis Boyce, 1989 68Genus Harlandaspis ngen 68Harlandaspis elongata nsp 71Genus Licnocephala Ross, 1951 74Licnocephala brevicauda (Poulsen, 1937) 74Licnocephala nspA 75Licnocephala nspB 76Licnocephala? nspC 76Genus Punka Fortey, 1979 76Punka latissima nsp 77Punka fl abelliformis Fortey, 1979 79Genus Uromystrum Whittington, 1953 80Uromystrum affi ne (Poulsen, 1937) 81Uromystrum aff Uaffine (Poulsen, 1937) 84Uromystrum drepanon nsp 85Family Dimeropygidae Hupé, 1955 86Genus Ischyrotoma Raymond, 1925 86Ischyrotoma parallela (Boyce,1989) 87Ischyrotoma nspA 89Family Proetidae Salter, 1864 90Genus Phaseolops Whittington, 1963 90Phaseolops? bobowensi nsp 90Family Telephinidae Marek, 1952 92Genus Carolinites Kobayashi, 1940 92Carolinites? nspA 92Order Corynexochida Kobayashi, 1935 94Family Illaenidae Hawle & Corda, 1847 94Genus Illaenus Dalman, 1827 94Subgenus Illaenus (Parillaenus) Jaanusson, 1954 94Illaenus (Parillaenus) primoticus nsp 94Family Leiostegiidae Bradley, 1925 96Genus Leiostegium Raymond, 1913 96Leiostegium spongiosum nsp 96Family Styginidae Vogdes, 1890 98Genus Raymondaspis P¡ribyl, 1948 98Raymondaspis? pingpong nsp 98Order Asaphida Salter, 1864 100Superfamily Asaphoidea Salter, 1864 100Family Asaphidae Salter, 1864 100Genus Lachnostoma Ross, 1951 100Lachnostoma platypyga nsp 101Genus Stenorhachis Hintze & Jaanusson, 1956 102Stenorhachis nspA 102Family Remopleurididae Hawle & Corda, 1847 104Genus Eorobergia Cooper, 1953 104Eorobergia nspA 104Superfamily Cyclopygoidea Raymond, 1925 105Family Symphysurinidae Kobayashi, 1955 105Genus Eurysymphysurina ngen 105Eurysymphysurina spora nsp 106Genus Randaynia Boyce, 1989 107Randaynia nspA 108Order Phacopida Salter, 1864 110Family Pilekiidae Sdzuy, 1955 110Genus Pilekia Barton, 1915 110Pilekia cfPtrio Hintze, 1953 110Incertae Ordinis 111Family Shumardiidae Lake, 1907 111Genus Conophrys Callaway, 1877 111Conophrys sp1 111Incertae sedis 111Genet spindet1 111Genet spindet2 111Proetid metaprotaspis 112Acknowledgements 112References 112

Professor Richard Fortey, F.R.S. is Merit Researcher at the Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum.

• Introduction 2 Summary of previous research on the Ordovician of Spitsbergen 3Stratigraphy of the Kirtonryggen Formation 4Stratigraphic sub-divisions and age 4Tremadocian–Floian boundary 9Correlation with other areas of Ordovician Laurentia 10Greenland 11Canada 12Northwest Scotland 13USA 13Occurrence of trilobites in the Kirtonryggen Formation 15Field occurrence 15Biofacies and biogeography 15Peculiarities of the Spitsbergen faunas 16Eastern and western Laurentia 17Origin of major trilobite clades 18Th e family Bathyuridae 19Th e problem of type species 20Morphology of Bathyuridae 21Systematic Palaeontology 23Order Aulacopleurida Adrain, 2011 23Family Hystricuridae Hupé, 1953 23Genus Svalbardicurus ngen 23Svalbardicurus delicatus nsp 24Genus Hystricurus Raymond, 1913 26Hystricurus cfHystricurus spnovB Adrain et al., 2003 26Hystricurus sp1 27Order Proetida Fortey & Owens, 1975 28Family Bathyuridae Walcott, 1886 28Sub-family Bathyurinae Walcott, 1886 28Genus Bolbocephalus Whitfi eld, 1890 28Bolbocephalus gunnari nsp 30Bolbocephalus convexus (Billings, 1865) 31Bolbocephalus stclairi Cullison, 1944 33Bolbocephalus spcfBkindlei Boyce, 1989 35Genus Catochia Fortey, 1979 35Catochia hinlopensis nsp 35Catochia ornata Fortey, 1979 37Genus Jeffersonia Poulsen, 1927 37Jeffersonia striagena nsp 38Jeffersonia viator nsp 42Jeffersonia timon (Billings, 1865) 44‘Jeffersonia’ aff Jgranosa Cullison, 1944 46Genus Peltabellia Whittington, 1953 46Peltabellia glabra nsp 47Genus Petigurus Raymond, 1913 49Petigurus nero (Billings, 1865) 49Petigurus groenlandicus Poulsen, 1937 50Genus Psalikilopsis Ross, 1953 52Psalikilopsis nspaff Pcuspicaudata Ross, 1953 53Bathyurine ngennspA 54Sub-family Bathyurellinae Hupé, 1953 55Genus Bathyurellus Billings, 1865 55Bathyurellus abruptus Billings, 1865 56Bathyurellus diclementsae nsp 57Genus Benthamaspis Poulsen, 1946 60Benthamaspis gibberula (Billings, 1865) 60Benthamaspis conica Fortey, 1979 62Genus Ceratopeltis Poulsen, 1937 63Ceratopeltis cfCbatchensis Adrain & Westrop, 2005 63Genus Chapmanopyge ngen 63Chapmanopyge cfsp1 (Loch, 2007) 65Chapmanopyge ‘amplimarginiata’ (Billings, 1865) 65Chapmanopyge cfCsanddoelaensis (Adrain & Westrop, 2005) 67Chapmanopyge nspA 68Genus Grinnellaspis Poulsen, 1946 68Grinnellaspis newfoundlandensis Boyce, 1989 68Genus Harlandaspis ngen 68Harlandaspis elongata nsp 71Genus Licnocephala Ross, 1951 74Licnocephala brevicauda (Poulsen, 1937) 74Licnocephala nspA 75Licnocephala nspB 76Licnocephala? nspC 76Genus Punka Fortey, 1979 76Punka latissima nsp 77Punka fl abelliformis Fortey, 1979 79Genus Uromystrum Whittington, 1953 80Uromystrum affi ne (Poulsen, 1937) 81Uromystrum aff Uaffine (Poulsen, 1937) 84Uromystrum drepanon nsp 85Family Dimeropygidae Hupé, 1955 86Genus Ischyrotoma Raymond, 1925 86Ischyrotoma parallela (Boyce,1989) 87Ischyrotoma nspA 89Family Proetidae Salter, 1864 90Genus Phaseolops Whittington, 1963 90Phaseolops? bobowensi nsp 90Family Telephinidae Marek, 1952 92Genus Carolinites Kobayashi, 1940 92Carolinites? nspA 92Order Corynexochida Kobayashi, 1935 94Family Illaenidae Hawle & Corda, 1847 94Genus Illaenus Dalman, 1827 94Subgenus Illaenus (Parillaenus) Jaanusson, 1954 94Illaenus (Parillaenus) primoticus nsp 94Family Leiostegiidae Bradley, 1925 96Genus Leiostegium Raymond, 1913 96Leiostegium spongiosum nsp 96Family Styginidae Vogdes, 1890 98Genus Raymondaspis P¡ribyl, 1948 98Raymondaspis? pingpong nsp 98Order Asaphida Salter, 1864 100Superfamily Asaphoidea Salter, 1864 100Family Asaphidae Salter, 1864 100Genus Lachnostoma Ross, 1951 100Lachnostoma platypyga nsp 101Genus Stenorhachis Hintze & Jaanusson, 1956 102Stenorhachis nspA 102Family Remopleurididae Hawle & Corda, 1847 104Genus Eorobergia Cooper, 1953 104Eorobergia nspA 104Superfamily Cyclopygoidea Raymond, 1925 105Family Symphysurinidae Kobayashi, 1955 105Genus Eurysymphysurina ngen 105Eurysymphysurina spora nsp 106Genus Randaynia Boyce, 1989 107Randaynia nspA 108Order Phacopida Salter, 1864 110Family Pilekiidae Sdzuy, 1955 110Genus Pilekia Barton, 1915 110Pilekia cfPtrio Hintze, 1953 110Incertae Ordinis 111Family Shumardiidae Lake, 1907 111Genus Conophrys Callaway, 1877 111Conophrys sp1 111Incertae sedis 111Genet spindet1 111Genet spindet2 111Proetid metaprotaspis 112Acknowledgements 112References 112