Ethics in the University

James G. Speight, PhD, has more than forty-five years of experience in energy, environmental science, and ethics.  He is the author of more than 65 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, biomass and biofuels, and environmental sciences.  Although he has always worked in private industry which focused on contract-based work, Dr. Speight has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah and in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Wyoming.  In addition, he was a Visiting Professor in the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq and has also been a Visiting Professor in Chemical Engineering at the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Trinidad and Tobago.

• Preface ix1 The Concept of Ethics 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Professionalism and Ethics 61.3 Morals and Values 91.4 Codes of Ethics and Ethical Standards 121.5 Academic Freedom 15References 192 Codes of Ethics 252.1 Introduction 252.2 Codes of Ethics 292.3 Ethics in the University 372.4 Ethics and Research 43References 453 Academia 493.1 Introduction 493.2 Definitions 513.3 The Faculty 523.3.1 Professor 533.3.2 Associate Professor 553.3.3 Assistant Professor 563.3.4 Lecturer 573.3.5 Teaching Assistant 583.3.6 Other Faculty Positions 593.3.6.1 Adjunct Faculty 593.3.6.2 Research Professor 603.3.6.3 Professor Emeritus 603.3.6.4 Endowed Chair 603.3.6.5 Reader 613.3.6.6 Docent 623.4 Faculty Leave 623.5 Nonacademic Staff 643.5.1 The Personnel Office 643.5.2 The Finance Office 653.6 Tenure and Tenure Track 653.7 The Student 713.8 Research Funding 73References 734 Integrity in Academia 774.1 Introduction 774.2 Faculty Evaluation 804.3 Faculty Conduct and Misconduct 824.3.1 Reporting Research Data 824.3.2 Misrepresenting Credentials 844.4 Faculty Relationships 844.4.1 Faculty-Student Relationships 844.4.2 Faculty-Graduate Student Relationships 854.4.2.1 The Master’s Degree 864.4.2.2 The Doctoral Degree 884.4.2.3 The Research Fellowship 924.4.3 Faculty-Faculty Relationships 924.4.4 Faculty-Staff Relationships 934.4.5 Dating Relationships 944.4.5.1 Student-Professor Dating 944.4.5.2 Student-Teaching Assistant Dating 954.5 A Matter of Control 95References 995 Integrity in Teaching 1035.1 Introduction 1035.2 The Learning Path 1075.2.1 Degree Courses 1085.2.2 Graduate Degree Courses 1115.2.2.1 The Master’s Degree 1125.2.2.2 The Doctorate 1135.3 The Impact of the Professor 1165.4 Professionalism 1185.5 Morals and Values 119References 1226 Integrity in Research 1276.1 Introduction 1276.2 The Nature and Conduct of Research 134Contents vii6.3 Collecting Research Data 1396.3.1 Bias in Analytical Methods 1396.3.2 Misuse of the Data 1406.3.3 Falsifi cation and Fabrication of Data 1416.3.4 Plagiarism and Theft 1426.4 Controls 1436.5 Intellectual Property 146References 1507 Publication and Communication 1557.1 Introduction 1557.2 The Literature 1587.3 The Journals 1597.4 Data for Publication 1647.5 Peer Reviewers and Their Duties 1667.5.1 The Department Head 1687.5.2 The Dean 1707.5.3 The Journal Editor 171References 1738 Data Manipulation 1778.1 Introduction 1778.2 Misuse of Data 1798.2.1 Examinations and Pass Rate 1838.2.2 Research Data 1848.2.2.1 Flawed Research 1858.2.2.2 Stretching Data 1868.2.2.3 Distorting Data 1878.2.2.4 Rejecting or Ignoring Data 1878.2.3 False Claims 1888.2.4 Use of Mathematical Models 1898.2.5 Collapsing Data 1908.2.6 Use of Statistics 1918.2.6.1 Use of Inadequate or Nonrepresentative Data 1928.2.6.2 Inadequate Reasoning on theBasis of the Data 1938.2.6.3 Misleading Visualization of the Data 1948.3 Misuse of Research Funds 195References 1979 Harassment: Sexual and Otherwise 2019.1 Introduction 2019.2 Title IX 2059.3 Harassment Situations 2109.4 Effect on the Victim 2139.5 Effect on the University 217References 21910 The Sporting Megalopolis 22310.1 Introduction 22310.2 Why University Sports? 23310.2.1 Fairness 23510.2.2 Responsibility 23510.2.3 Respect 23610.3 Athletes and Scholarships 23710.4 To be Paid or Not to be Paid 23810.5 Passing Grades of Athletes 23910.6 Sports After the University 241References 24211 Enforcement of Codes of Ethics 24711.1 Introduction 24711.2 Following a Code of Ethics 24911.2.1 Disregard for Teaching and Research Programs 24911.2.2 Conflict of Interest 25011.2.3 Data Manipulation 25111.2.4 The White Lie 25311.2.5 Costs to the Student 25411.3 Reporting Misconduct 25511.3.1 Mechanisms for Reporting Misconduct 25611.3.2 Whistleblowers 25611.3.3 Persecution of Whistleblowers 25711.4 Enforcing a Code of Ethics 25811.4.1 The Ethics Committee 25911.4.2 Punishment for Misconduct 25911.4.3 Success of the Code 26211.5 Necessary Actions 264References 266Glossary 271Index 289About the Author 293