AYLIN ORBAŞLI is Reader in Architectural Regeneration and MARCEL VELLINGA is Professor of Anthropology of Architecture, both at Oxford Brookes University, UK.

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• Author Biographies xiiiArchitectural Regeneration: An Introduction xxiAylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Marcel VellingaTheory xxiiContext xxivDesign xxviiAcknowledgements xxixBibliography xxxPart I Theory 11 Architectural Regeneration and its Theoretical Context 3Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Marcel VellingaIntroduction 3Theoretical Context 4Processes of Transformation 4Architecture as a Dynamic Process 5Conservation Theory 7Defining a Continuum: Re-Merging Conservation and Design in Architecture 8Architecture as a Transformative Tool 9Architectural (Design) Theory 10Regeneration Theories 11Theories of Place Identity and Authenticity 12Speeding Up and Time Theories 13The Principles that Shape Architectural Regeneration 14Architecture is a Cultural Process 14Context/Environment Matters 15Adaptive Capacity and Robustness 15The Art of Adding and Subtracting 17Contextual Complexity and Interconnectedness 17Design Adds Value 21Conclusion 21Further Reading 22Bibliography 222 Making the Case for Architectural Regeneration 27Aylin Orbaşl𝚤Introduction 27Heritage-Led Regeneration 28Economic Benefits and Cycles of Architectural Regeneration 30Environmental Benefits of Architectural Regeneration 37Intangible and Social Benefits of Architectural Regeneration 38Conclusion 41Further Reading 43Bibliography 433 Decision-making in Regeneration Practice 47Juliet CarpenterIntroduction 47Urban Regeneration Governance Within a Theoretical Context 48Evolution of Decision-making for Urban Regeneration 49Public vs Private-led Regeneration 49Community Engagement in Regeneration 51Post-2008 Regeneration 53Conclusion 55Further Reading 56Bibliography 574 Creativity, Newcomers, and the Transformation of Inner Cityscapes 61Stephen J. ShawIntroduction 61Conceptual Framework: Reconstructing ‘Creativity’, Space, and Place 63The Long View: Polity, Policy, and Practice in the UK 67Street-level Developments: New Hotspots for Creativity and Growth? 69Conclusion 75Further Reading 77Bibliography 77Case Study 1 Architectural Regeneration in Oxford, UK 81Geoffrey RandellIntroduction 81Regeneration and Industry 82Regeneration of Oxford Castle and Prison 83Reflections 92Acknowledgements 95Bibliography 95Part II Context 975 Urban Conservation and Regeneration 99Aylin Orbaşl𝚤Introduction 99The Context of Urban Conservation 100What’s in a Name? 100The Urban Conservation Movement: A Brief History 101Urban Conservation in the Planning Context 105Urban Conservation in Practice 106Hip Neighbourhoods and Gentrification 106Historic Places as Tourism Destinations 110Flagship Projects and Branded Quarters 113Industrial Areas 115Reimaging and Reimagining Historic Urban Quarters 117Making Urban ConservationWork 119Conclusion 121Further Reading 121Bibliography 1226 Suburban Regeneration: An Exercise in Perpetual Place-Making 127Denise Lawrence-ZúñigaIntroduction 127Gentrifying Bungalow Neighbourhoods 130Mansionising the Modern Suburb 136Regenerating Suburban Communities with Immigrants 139Conclusion 141Further Reading 143Bibliography 1437 Rural Regeneration 145Sanja Lončar and Marcel VellingaIntroduction 145Conceptualising Rurality 147Rural Realities 150Architecture in Rural Areas 152Architectural Regeneration and Counter-urbanisation 154Architectural Regeneration in Abandoned Rural Areas 156Architectural Regeneration in Protected Areas 158Architectural Regeneration as Part of Thematic Routes 160Conclusion 162Further Reading 163Bibliography 1638 Temporariness in Architectural Regeneration 169Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Joanna KarmowskaIntroduction 169The Notion of Temporariness and Organisational Temporariness 171Defining ‘Temporary’ in the Urban Context 172Key Players and Drivers 174The Role of Temporary Interventions in Regeneration 177Longer-term Impacts and Unintended Consequences 179Conclusion 182Further Reading 183Bibliography 1849 Regenerating Unfinished Buildings 189Igea Troiani and Andrew DawsonIntroduction: Unfinished Buildings in an Age of Uncertainty 189Research on Unfinished Buildings: From Venezuela to Italy, to Greece and Beyond 191The Evolution of Concrete Frame Construction: From Maison Domino to Polykatoikia 194Design Tactics for Unfinished Athens 195Sustainable Design for Unfinished Buildings 200The Temporary Design of Unfinished Buildings 201The Socio-cultural Engagement of Unfinished Buildings 203Ethical Design Practice for Unfinished Buildings 203Socio-political, Activist Critique of Unfinished Buildings 206Conclusion: Reflections on Unfinished Athens and Architecture’s Relationship with Capitalism 207Acknowledgements 209Bibliography 211Case Study 2 Architectural Regeneration in Istanbul, Turkey 215Deniz Ikiz KayaIntroduction 215Regeneration Approaches and Practices in Istanbul 216Planning and Regulatory Systems 216Culture-led Regeneration in the Post-industrial Waterfronts 217Tourism-led Regeneration in Historic Residential Areas 219Reconstruction as a Tool of Regeneration 222Conclusion 224Bibliography 225Part III Design 22710 Adaptive Reuse as a Design Process 229Jonathan BassindaleIntroduction 229The Research-based Approach 230Evidential Value 231Historical Value 231Aesthetic Value 232Communal Value 232Building Recording and Baseline Information 233Feasibility 235Design Interventions 237Summary and Conclusions 241Further Reading 241Bibliography 24211 Sustainability in Architectural Regeneration 245Paola SassiIntroduction 245Sustainability and the Built Environment: A Framework for Architectural Regeneration 246Regeneration: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Solutions 251Synergistic Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 252Compatible Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 253Conflicting and Challenging Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 256Heritage Versus Sustainable Building Operation 258Conclusion 262Acknowledgements 263Further Reading 263Bibliography 26412 Architectural Regeneration Practice in Different Contexts 267Julia WedelIntroduction 267‘The Best of AllWorlds’: Heritage Regeneration in International Development 267AccessingWork in Heritage Conservation and International Development 268Garnering Local Support: Negotiating the Interface Between Regeneration and Development 269Project Funding, Community Gains, and CollaborativeWorking 271Shaping Mentalities Towards a Shared Sense of Ownership 271Decision-Making Between Conservation, Repair, and Replacement 272Creative Reuse in Architectural Practice 273Lessons from Engaging with Local Communities 275The Architect as BriefWriter 277Improving Environmental Performance in Existing Building: Redefining Achievable and Desirable 278The Future of Financing Architectural Regeneration 279Regeneration Practice in a London Local Authority 279Balancing Competing Needs Across the Scales of Area Regeneration 280Addressing Housing Challenges Within Multiple Constraints 281Making Space for Conservation in Local Authority Regeneration 282Opportunities and Priorities for Creative Regeneration Practice in Municipal Settings 282Regeneration Practice as Citizenship: Negotiating Social Histories in Times of Transition and Crisis 283Client Relationships as Advocacy for Dialogue and Participation 283Shaping Policy to Protect Cultural Heritage in Times of Socio-Political Transition 284Architectural Intervention in Existing Contexts 285Conclusions 287Acknowledgements 288Bibliography 28913 Design in Context 291Matt GaskinIntroduction 291Method 292Context 294Working with Layers 295Articulation and Layering 296Facadism 301Wider Context and Education 301Conclusion 303Further Reading 304Bibliography 304Case Study 3 Architectural Regeneration Through Public Education in Portugal 307Sofia AleixoIntroduction 307The Significance of Public Historic Schools 307The Heritage Values of liceus 308Safeguarding Portuguese liceus 310The Adaptive Reuse Context 310Challenges Encountered in Managing Change 311The Assessment of Heritage Significance 312Adaptive Reuse Design Principles and Strategies 313Conclusion 318Acknowledgements 318Bibliography 31914 Teaching Architectural Regeneration 321Aylin Orbaşl𝚤, Marcel Vellinga, Julia Wedel, and Geoffrey RandellIntroduction 321Approach and Framework 323The Value of Research 324Being Realistic 327Resource Sensitivity 330Programme Management 333Fitting it all in 333Practices of Engagement 335Achieving Impact Through Education 338Conclusion 339Acknowledgements 340Bibliography 340Index 343

AYLIN ORBAŞLI is Reader in Architectural Regeneration and MARCEL VELLINGA is Professor of Anthropology of Architecture, both at Oxford Brookes University, UK.

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• Author Biographies xiiiArchitectural Regeneration: An Introduction xxiAylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Marcel VellingaTheory xxiiContext xxivDesign xxviiAcknowledgements xxixBibliography xxxPart I Theory 11 Architectural Regeneration and its Theoretical Context 3Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Marcel VellingaIntroduction 3Theoretical Context 4Processes of Transformation 4Architecture as a Dynamic Process 5Conservation Theory 7Defining a Continuum: Re-Merging Conservation and Design in Architecture 8Architecture as a Transformative Tool 9Architectural (Design) Theory 10Regeneration Theories 11Theories of Place Identity and Authenticity 12Speeding Up and Time Theories 13The Principles that Shape Architectural Regeneration 14Architecture is a Cultural Process 14Context/Environment Matters 15Adaptive Capacity and Robustness 15The Art of Adding and Subtracting 17Contextual Complexity and Interconnectedness 17Design Adds Value 21Conclusion 21Further Reading 22Bibliography 222 Making the Case for Architectural Regeneration 27Aylin Orbaşl𝚤Introduction 27Heritage-Led Regeneration 28Economic Benefits and Cycles of Architectural Regeneration 30Environmental Benefits of Architectural Regeneration 37Intangible and Social Benefits of Architectural Regeneration 38Conclusion 41Further Reading 43Bibliography 433 Decision-making in Regeneration Practice 47Juliet CarpenterIntroduction 47Urban Regeneration Governance Within a Theoretical Context 48Evolution of Decision-making for Urban Regeneration 49Public vs Private-led Regeneration 49Community Engagement in Regeneration 51Post-2008 Regeneration 53Conclusion 55Further Reading 56Bibliography 574 Creativity, Newcomers, and the Transformation of Inner Cityscapes 61Stephen J. ShawIntroduction 61Conceptual Framework: Reconstructing ‘Creativity’, Space, and Place 63The Long View: Polity, Policy, and Practice in the UK 67Street-level Developments: New Hotspots for Creativity and Growth? 69Conclusion 75Further Reading 77Bibliography 77Case Study 1 Architectural Regeneration in Oxford, UK 81Geoffrey RandellIntroduction 81Regeneration and Industry 82Regeneration of Oxford Castle and Prison 83Reflections 92Acknowledgements 95Bibliography 95Part II Context 975 Urban Conservation and Regeneration 99Aylin Orbaşl𝚤Introduction 99The Context of Urban Conservation 100What’s in a Name? 100The Urban Conservation Movement: A Brief History 101Urban Conservation in the Planning Context 105Urban Conservation in Practice 106Hip Neighbourhoods and Gentrification 106Historic Places as Tourism Destinations 110Flagship Projects and Branded Quarters 113Industrial Areas 115Reimaging and Reimagining Historic Urban Quarters 117Making Urban ConservationWork 119Conclusion 121Further Reading 121Bibliography 1226 Suburban Regeneration: An Exercise in Perpetual Place-Making 127Denise Lawrence-ZúñigaIntroduction 127Gentrifying Bungalow Neighbourhoods 130Mansionising the Modern Suburb 136Regenerating Suburban Communities with Immigrants 139Conclusion 141Further Reading 143Bibliography 1437 Rural Regeneration 145Sanja Lončar and Marcel VellingaIntroduction 145Conceptualising Rurality 147Rural Realities 150Architecture in Rural Areas 152Architectural Regeneration and Counter-urbanisation 154Architectural Regeneration in Abandoned Rural Areas 156Architectural Regeneration in Protected Areas 158Architectural Regeneration as Part of Thematic Routes 160Conclusion 162Further Reading 163Bibliography 1638 Temporariness in Architectural Regeneration 169Aylin Orbaşl𝚤 and Joanna KarmowskaIntroduction 169The Notion of Temporariness and Organisational Temporariness 171Defining ‘Temporary’ in the Urban Context 172Key Players and Drivers 174The Role of Temporary Interventions in Regeneration 177Longer-term Impacts and Unintended Consequences 179Conclusion 182Further Reading 183Bibliography 1849 Regenerating Unfinished Buildings 189Igea Troiani and Andrew DawsonIntroduction: Unfinished Buildings in an Age of Uncertainty 189Research on Unfinished Buildings: From Venezuela to Italy, to Greece and Beyond 191The Evolution of Concrete Frame Construction: From Maison Domino to Polykatoikia 194Design Tactics for Unfinished Athens 195Sustainable Design for Unfinished Buildings 200The Temporary Design of Unfinished Buildings 201The Socio-cultural Engagement of Unfinished Buildings 203Ethical Design Practice for Unfinished Buildings 203Socio-political, Activist Critique of Unfinished Buildings 206Conclusion: Reflections on Unfinished Athens and Architecture’s Relationship with Capitalism 207Acknowledgements 209Bibliography 211Case Study 2 Architectural Regeneration in Istanbul, Turkey 215Deniz Ikiz KayaIntroduction 215Regeneration Approaches and Practices in Istanbul 216Planning and Regulatory Systems 216Culture-led Regeneration in the Post-industrial Waterfronts 217Tourism-led Regeneration in Historic Residential Areas 219Reconstruction as a Tool of Regeneration 222Conclusion 224Bibliography 225Part III Design 22710 Adaptive Reuse as a Design Process 229Jonathan BassindaleIntroduction 229The Research-based Approach 230Evidential Value 231Historical Value 231Aesthetic Value 232Communal Value 232Building Recording and Baseline Information 233Feasibility 235Design Interventions 237Summary and Conclusions 241Further Reading 241Bibliography 24211 Sustainability in Architectural Regeneration 245Paola SassiIntroduction 245Sustainability and the Built Environment: A Framework for Architectural Regeneration 246Regeneration: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Solutions 251Synergistic Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 252Compatible Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 253Conflicting and Challenging Aims of Regeneration and Sustainability 256Heritage Versus Sustainable Building Operation 258Conclusion 262Acknowledgements 263Further Reading 263Bibliography 26412 Architectural Regeneration Practice in Different Contexts 267Julia WedelIntroduction 267‘The Best of AllWorlds’: Heritage Regeneration in International Development 267AccessingWork in Heritage Conservation and International Development 268Garnering Local Support: Negotiating the Interface Between Regeneration and Development 269Project Funding, Community Gains, and CollaborativeWorking 271Shaping Mentalities Towards a Shared Sense of Ownership 271Decision-Making Between Conservation, Repair, and Replacement 272Creative Reuse in Architectural Practice 273Lessons from Engaging with Local Communities 275The Architect as BriefWriter 277Improving Environmental Performance in Existing Building: Redefining Achievable and Desirable 278The Future of Financing Architectural Regeneration 279Regeneration Practice in a London Local Authority 279Balancing Competing Needs Across the Scales of Area Regeneration 280Addressing Housing Challenges Within Multiple Constraints 281Making Space for Conservation in Local Authority Regeneration 282Opportunities and Priorities for Creative Regeneration Practice in Municipal Settings 282Regeneration Practice as Citizenship: Negotiating Social Histories in Times of Transition and Crisis 283Client Relationships as Advocacy for Dialogue and Participation 283Shaping Policy to Protect Cultural Heritage in Times of Socio-Political Transition 284Architectural Intervention in Existing Contexts 285Conclusions 287Acknowledgements 288Bibliography 28913 Design in Context 291Matt GaskinIntroduction 291Method 292Context 294Working with Layers 295Articulation and Layering 296Facadism 301Wider Context and Education 301Conclusion 303Further Reading 304Bibliography 304Case Study 3 Architectural Regeneration Through Public Education in Portugal 307Sofia AleixoIntroduction 307The Significance of Public Historic Schools 307The Heritage Values of liceus 308Safeguarding Portuguese liceus 310The Adaptive Reuse Context 310Challenges Encountered in Managing Change 311The Assessment of Heritage Significance 312Adaptive Reuse Design Principles and Strategies 313Conclusion 318Acknowledgements 318Bibliography 31914 Teaching Architectural Regeneration 321Aylin Orbaşl𝚤, Marcel Vellinga, Julia Wedel, and Geoffrey RandellIntroduction 321Approach and Framework 323The Value of Research 324Being Realistic 327Resource Sensitivity 330Programme Management 333Fitting it all in 333Practices of Engagement 335Achieving Impact Through Education 338Conclusion 339Acknowledgements 340Bibliography 340Index 343