M. R. Islam, Ph.D. is known as the most published engineer in the world. He has coined terms such as "green petroleum," "sustainable petroleum development," "economics of intangibles," "zero waste engineering," and others. His work has created a paradigm shift in a wide range of applications, spanning various disciplines.

• Preface xiii1 Introduction 11.1 Opening Remarks 11.2 The Prophets of the Doomed Turned Into Scientists 11.3 Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Development 21.4 Questions Answered in This Book 52 Petroleum in the Big Picture 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Pre-Industrial Revolution Period 122.3 Beginning of the Petroleum Culture 362.4 The Information Age 462.5 The Energy Crisis 522.6 Conclusions 673 Natural Resources of the Earth 693.1 Introduction 693.2 Characteristic Time 693.3 Organic and Mechanical Frequencies 773.4 The Nature of Material Resources 893.5 The Science of Water and Petroleum 903.6 Nitrogen Cycle: Part of the Water/Nitrogen Duality 1383.7 Conclusions 1754 Growth Potential of Petroleum Reservoirs 1774.1 Introduction 1774.2 Toward Decarbonization 1774.3 The Current State of the World of Oil and Gas 1814.4 World Oil and Gas Reserve 2054.5 Organic Origin of Petroleum 2494.6 Scientific Ranking of Petroleum 2524.7 Reserve Growth Potential of an Oil/Gas Reservoir 2644.8 Conclusions 3185 Fundamentals of Reservoir Characterization in View of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery 3215.1 Introduction 3215.2 Role of Fractures 3225.3 Natural and Artificial Fractures 3285.4 Developing Reservoir Characterization Tools for Basement Reservoirs 3395.5 The Origin of Fractures 3465.6 Seismic Fracture Characterization 3535.7 Reservoir Characterization During Drilling 3635.8 Reservoir Characterization with Image Log and Core Analysis 3795.9 Major Forces of Oil and Gas Reservoirs 4155.10 Reservoir Heterogeneity 4335.11 Special Considerations for Shale 4485.12 Conclusions 4506 Future Potential of Enhnced Oil Recovery 4516.1 Introduction 4516.2 Background 4546.3 Types of EOR 4616.4 Enhanced Oil Recovery in Relation to Oil and Gas Reserve 4696.5 Current Oil Fields 4916.6 Need for EOR 5166.7 Conclusions 5227 Greening of Enhanced Oil Recovery 5257.1 Introduction 5257.2 Carbon Dioxide Injection 5287.3 Thermal Methods 5447.4 Chemical Methods 5747.5 Gas Injection 6097.6 Recap of Existing EOR Projects 6217.7 Downhole Refinery 6577.8 Conclusions 6628 Toward Achieving Total Sustainability EOR Operations 6638.1 Introduction 6638.2 Issues in Petroleum Operations 6648.3 Critical Evaluation of Current Petroleum Practices 6738.4 Petroleum Refining and Conventional Catalysts 6788.5 Current Practices in Exploration, Drilling and Production 6898.6 Challenges in Waste Management 6928.7 Greening of EOR Operations 6938.8 Zero-Waste Operations 7108.9 Conclusions 7149 Conclusions 7179.1 The Task 7179.2 Conclusions 718References and Bibliography 725Index 787

M. R. Islam, Ph.D. is known as the most published engineer in the world. He has coined terms such as "green petroleum," "sustainable petroleum development," "economics of intangibles," "zero waste engineering," and others. His work has created a paradigm shift in a wide range of applications, spanning various disciplines.

• Preface xiii1 Introduction 11.1 Opening Remarks 11.2 The Prophets of the Doomed Turned Into Scientists 11.3 Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Development 21.4 Questions Answered in This Book 52 Petroleum in the Big Picture 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Pre-Industrial Revolution Period 122.3 Beginning of the Petroleum Culture 362.4 The Information Age 462.5 The Energy Crisis 522.6 Conclusions 673 Natural Resources of the Earth 693.1 Introduction 693.2 Characteristic Time 693.3 Organic and Mechanical Frequencies 773.4 The Nature of Material Resources 893.5 The Science of Water and Petroleum 903.6 Nitrogen Cycle: Part of the Water/Nitrogen Duality 1383.7 Conclusions 1754 Growth Potential of Petroleum Reservoirs 1774.1 Introduction 1774.2 Toward Decarbonization 1774.3 The Current State of the World of Oil and Gas 1814.4 World Oil and Gas Reserve 2054.5 Organic Origin of Petroleum 2494.6 Scientific Ranking of Petroleum 2524.7 Reserve Growth Potential of an Oil/Gas Reservoir 2644.8 Conclusions 3185 Fundamentals of Reservoir Characterization in View of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery 3215.1 Introduction 3215.2 Role of Fractures 3225.3 Natural and Artificial Fractures 3285.4 Developing Reservoir Characterization Tools for Basement Reservoirs 3395.5 The Origin of Fractures 3465.6 Seismic Fracture Characterization 3535.7 Reservoir Characterization During Drilling 3635.8 Reservoir Characterization with Image Log and Core Analysis 3795.9 Major Forces of Oil and Gas Reservoirs 4155.10 Reservoir Heterogeneity 4335.11 Special Considerations for Shale 4485.12 Conclusions 4506 Future Potential of Enhnced Oil Recovery 4516.1 Introduction 4516.2 Background 4546.3 Types of EOR 4616.4 Enhanced Oil Recovery in Relation to Oil and Gas Reserve 4696.5 Current Oil Fields 4916.6 Need for EOR 5166.7 Conclusions 5227 Greening of Enhanced Oil Recovery 5257.1 Introduction 5257.2 Carbon Dioxide Injection 5287.3 Thermal Methods 5447.4 Chemical Methods 5747.5 Gas Injection 6097.6 Recap of Existing EOR Projects 6217.7 Downhole Refinery 6577.8 Conclusions 6628 Toward Achieving Total Sustainability EOR Operations 6638.1 Introduction 6638.2 Issues in Petroleum Operations 6648.3 Critical Evaluation of Current Petroleum Practices 6738.4 Petroleum Refining and Conventional Catalysts 6788.5 Current Practices in Exploration, Drilling and Production 6898.6 Challenges in Waste Management 6928.7 Greening of EOR Operations 6938.8 Zero-Waste Operations 7108.9 Conclusions 7149 Conclusions 7179.1 The Task 7179.2 Conclusions 718References and Bibliography 725Index 787

M. R. Islam, Ph.D. is known as the most published engineer in the world. He has coined terms such as "green petroleum," "sustainable petroleum development," "economics of intangibles," "zero waste engineering," and others. His work has created a paradigm shift in a wide range of applications, spanning various disciplines.

• Preface xiii1 Introduction 11.1 Opening Remarks 11.2 The Prophets of the Doomed Turned Into Scientists 11.3 Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Development 21.4 Questions Answered in This Book 52 Petroleum in the Big Picture 112.1 Introduction 112.2 Pre-Industrial Revolution Period 122.3 Beginning of the Petroleum Culture 362.4 The Information Age 462.5 The Energy Crisis 522.6 Conclusions 673 Natural Resources of the Earth 693.1 Introduction 693.2 Characteristic Time 693.3 Organic and Mechanical Frequencies 773.4 The Nature of Material Resources 893.5 The Science of Water and Petroleum 903.6 Nitrogen Cycle: Part of the Water/Nitrogen Duality 1383.7 Conclusions 1754 Growth Potential of Petroleum Reservoirs 1774.1 Introduction 1774.2 Toward Decarbonization 1774.3 The Current State of the World of Oil and Gas 1814.4 World Oil and Gas Reserve 2054.5 Organic Origin of Petroleum 2494.6 Scientific Ranking of Petroleum 2524.7 Reserve Growth Potential of an Oil/Gas Reservoir 2644.8 Conclusions 3185 Fundamentals of Reservoir Characterization in View of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery 3215.1 Introduction 3215.2 Role of Fractures 3225.3 Natural and Artificial Fractures 3285.4 Developing Reservoir Characterization Tools for Basement Reservoirs 3395.5 The Origin of Fractures 3465.6 Seismic Fracture Characterization 3535.7 Reservoir Characterization During Drilling 3635.8 Reservoir Characterization with Image Log and Core Analysis 3795.9 Major Forces of Oil and Gas Reservoirs 4155.10 Reservoir Heterogeneity 4335.11 Special Considerations for Shale 4485.12 Conclusions 4506 Future Potential of Enhnced Oil Recovery 4516.1 Introduction 4516.2 Background 4546.3 Types of EOR 4616.4 Enhanced Oil Recovery in Relation to Oil and Gas Reserve 4696.5 Current Oil Fields 4916.6 Need for EOR 5166.7 Conclusions 5227 Greening of Enhanced Oil Recovery 5257.1 Introduction 5257.2 Carbon Dioxide Injection 5287.3 Thermal Methods 5447.4 Chemical Methods 5747.5 Gas Injection 6097.6 Recap of Existing EOR Projects 6217.7 Downhole Refinery 6577.8 Conclusions 6628 Toward Achieving Total Sustainability EOR Operations 6638.1 Introduction 6638.2 Issues in Petroleum Operations 6648.3 Critical Evaluation of Current Petroleum Practices 6738.4 Petroleum Refining and Conventional Catalysts 6788.5 Current Practices in Exploration, Drilling and Production 6898.6 Challenges in Waste Management 6928.7 Greening of EOR Operations 6938.8 Zero-Waste Operations 7108.9 Conclusions 7149 Conclusions 7179.1 The Task 7179.2 Conclusions 718References and Bibliography 725Index 787