Design of Unmanned Aerial Systems

Mohammad H. Sadraey, PhD, is Associate Professor (Aeronautical Engineering) at Southern New Hampshire University. He has authored five books, including Aircraft Design: A Systems Engineering Approach and Aircraft Performance Analysis. He is a member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Society for Engineering Education, and Sigma Gamma Tau Honor Society. Dr. Sadraey is also the guest editor of the Journal of Aerospace special issue on "Aircraft design".

• Preface xixAcronyms xxvNomenclature xxixAbout the Companion Website xxxvii1 Design Fundamentals 11.1 Introduction 21.2 UAV Classifications 51.3 Review of a Few Successful UAVs 81.4 Design Project Planning 121.5 Decision Making 131.6 Design Criteria, Objectives, and Priorities 151.7 Feasibility Analysis 171.8 Design Groups 171.9 Design Process 181.10 Systems Engineering Approach 191.11 UAV Conceptual Design 211.12 UAV Preliminary Design 271.13 UAV Detail Design 281.14 Design Review, Evaluation, Feedback 301.15 UAV Design Steps 30Questions 322 Preliminary Design 352.1 Introduction 352.2 Maximum Takeoff Weight Estimation 362.3 Weight Buildup 362.4 Payload Weight 372.5 Autopilot Weight 372.6 Fuel Weight 392.7 Battery Weight 432.8 Empty Weight 472.9 Wing and Engine Sizing 482.10 Quadcopter Configuration 52Questions 60Problems 613 Design Disciplines 653.1 Introduction 663.2 Aerodynamic Design 673.3 Structural Design 693.4 Propulsion System Design 713.5 Landing Gear Design 753.6 Mechanical and Power Transmission Systems Design 783.7 Electric Systems 803.8 Control Surfaces Design 853.9 Safety Analysis 903.10 Installation Guidelines 95Questions 96Design Questions 97Problems 994 Aerodynamic Design 1014.1 Introduction 1024.2 Fundamentals of Aerodynamics 1034.3 Wing Design 1044.4 Tail Design 1134.5 Vertical Tail Design 1194.6 Fuselage Design 1234.7 Antenna 1304.8 Aerodynamic Design of Quadcopters 1324.9 Aerodynamic Design Guidelines 133Questions 134Problems 1365 Fundamentals of Autopilot Design 1415.1 Introduction 1425.2 Dynamic Modeling 1465.3 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments 1535.4 Simplification Techniques of Dynamic Models 1575.5 Fixed‐Wing UAV Dynamic Models 1615.6 Dynamic Model Approximation 1695.7 Quadcopter (Rotary‐Wing) Dynamic Model 1705.8 Autopilot Categories 1765.9 Flight Simulation – Numerical Methods 1815.10 Flying Qualities for UAVs 1855.11 Autopilot Design Process 187Questions 188Problems 1906 Control System Design 1956.1 Introduction 1966.2 Fundamentals of Control Systems 1976.3 Servo/Actuator 2036.4 Flight Control Requirements 2076.5 Control Modes 2096.6 Controller Design 2236.7 Autonomy 2346.8 Manned–Unmanned Aircraft Teaming 2376.9 Control System Design Process 243Questions 246Problems 2497 Guidance System Design 2557.1 Introduction 2567.2 Fundamentals 2577.3 Guidance Laws 2637.4 Command Guidance Law 2657.5 PN Guidance Law 2697.6 Pursuit Guidance Law 2737.7 Waypoint Guidance Law 2747.8 Sense and Avoid 2827.9 Formation Flight 2917.10 Motion Planning and Trajectory Design 2937.11 Guidance Sensor – Seeker 2947.12 Guidance System Design 296Questions 298Problems 3008 Navigation System Design 3058.1 Introduction 3068.2 Classifications 3078.3 Coordinate Systems 3098.4 Inertial Navigation System 3118.5 Kalman Filtering 3158.6 Global Positioning System 3178.7 Position Fixing Navigation 3228.8 Navigation in Reduced Visibility Conditions 3238.9 Inertial Navigation Sensors 3238.10 Navigation Disturbances 3358.11 Navigation System Design 345Questions 348Problems 3519 Microcontroller 3559.1 Introduction 3569.2 Basic Fundamentals 3589.3 Microcontroller Circuitry 3679.4 Embedded Systems 3699.5 Microcontroller Programming 3719.6 Programming in C 3749.7 Arduino 3789.8 Open‐Source Commercial Autopilots 3849.9 Design Procedure 3879.10 Design Project 388Questions 393Problems 395Design Projects 39710 Launch and Recovery Systems Design 39910.1 Introduction 40010.2 Launch Technologies and Techniques 40210.3 Launcher Equipment 41010.4 Fundamentals of Launch 41510.5 Elevation Mechanism Design 42210.6 VTOL 42410.7 Recovery Technologies and Techniques 42410.8 Recovery Fundamentals 42910.9 Launch/Recovery Systems Mobility 43110.10 Launch and Recovery Systems Design 433Questions 437Problems 440Design Projects 44311 Ground Control Station 44511.1 Introduction 44611.2 GCS Subsystems 44811.3 Types of Ground Stations 44811.4 GCS of a Number of UAVs 46011.5 Human‐Related Design Requirements 46411.6 Support Equipment 46911.7 GCS Design Guidelines 472Questions 473Problems 475Design Problems 476Laboratory Experiments 47712 Payloads Selection/Design 48112.1 Introduction 48212.2 Elements of Payload 48312.3 Payloads of a Few UAVs 48412.4 Cargo or Freight Payload 48712.5 Reconnaissance/Surveillance Payload 48812.6 Scientific Payloads 50512.7 Military Payloads 50812.8 Electronic Counter Measure Payloads 50912.9 Payload Installation 51112.10 Payload Control and Management 52012.11 Payload Selection/Design Guidelines 520Questions 523Problems 525Design Problems 52713 Communications System Design 53113.1 Fundamentals 53213.2 Data Link 53413.3 Transmitter 53613.4 Receiver 53713.5 Antenna 53913.6 Radio Frequency 54113.7 Encryption 54413.8 Communications Systems of a Few UAVs 54513.9 Installation 54713.10 Communications System Design 54713.11 Bi‐directional Communications Using Arduino Boards 548Questions 558Problems 560Laboratory Experiments 561Design Projects 56214 Design Analysis and Feedbacks 56514.1 Introduction 56614.2 Design Feedbacks 56714.3 Weight and Balance 56914.4 Stability Analysis 57314.5 Controllability Analysis 57914.6 Flight Performance Analysis 58214.7 Cost Analysis 591Questions 593Problems 595References 601Index 609