Mathieu O'Neil is Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Canberra's News & Media Research Centre where he researches the political economy of peer production and conducts network and content analyses of online controversies. He is also Honorary Associate Professor of Sociology at the Australian National University, where he contributed to the creation of the Virtual Observatory for the Study of Online Networks. He previously held academic appointments at the Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3, the Australian National University and the Université Paris Sorbonne. He has also worked as a magazine editor and exhibition curator in Singapore, and as a researcher for the Australian Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy. He is the founder of the Journal of Peer Production. His work has been published in Social Networks, Journal of Peer Production, Réseaux, Information, Communication & Society, Organization Studies, New Media and Society, and the International Journal of Communication, among others.Christian Pentzold is Professor of Media and Communication at the Department for Communication and Media Studies, Leipzig University, Germany. Before that, he worked in the Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research at the University of Bremen and the Institute for Media Research at Chemnitz University of Technology. He is broadly interested in the construction and appropriation of digital media and the roles, information and communication technologies play in modern society. His work in communication research and media analysis links to insights coming from cultural sociology, linguistics as well as science and technology studies. In current projects, he looks at the public understanding of big data, the organization and governance of peer production, as well as the interplay of time, data, and media. His work has come out with Media, Culture & Society, New Media and Society, Communication, Culture and Critique, and the International Journal of Communication.Sophie Toupin is a Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC) postdoctoral fellow at the University of Amsterdam where she explores the linkages between feminism, data, and infrastructure. She completed her Ph.D. in the Department of Art History and Communication Studies at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Her doctoral research examined the relationship between technology and anti-colonialism during the South African anti-apartheid struggle. Her work has been published in New Media and Society, Feminist Media Studies, Canadian Journal of Communication, Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, and Journal of Peer Production, among others.

• List of Figures ixList of Tables xiNotes on Contributors xiiiPreface xxiChapter Summaries xxiiiPart I Introduction 11 The Duality of Peer Production: Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free]Riding Firms 3Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian PentzoldPart II Concepts: Explaining Peer Production 192 Grammar of Peer Production 21Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens3 Political Economy of Peer Production 33Benjamin J. Birkinbine4 Social Norms and Rules in Peer Production 44Christian Pentzold5 Cultures of Peer Production 56Michael Stevenson6 Commons]Based Peer Production and Virtue (reprint) 70Yochai Benkler and Helen NissenbaumPart III Conditions: Enabling Peer Production 877 Prophets and Advocates of Peer Production 89George Dafermos8 Virtue, Efficiency, and the Sharing Economy 101Margie Borschke9 Open Licensing Peer Production 109Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay10 User Motivations in Peer Production 123Sebastian Spaeth and Sven Niederhöfer11 Governing for Growth in Scope: Cultivating a Comparative Understanding of How Peer Production Collectives Evolve 137Rebecca Karp, Amisha Miller, and Siobhán O'MahonyPart IV Cases: Realizing Peer Production 15312 Free and Open Source Software 155Stéphane Couture13 Wikipedia and Wikis 169Jutta Haider and Olof Sundin14 Participatory Cartography: Drones, Countermapping, and Technological Power 185Adam Fish15 P2P Learning 197Panayotis Antoniadis and Alekos Pantazis16 Biohacking 211Morgan Meyer17 Makers 225Yana Boeva and Peter Troxler18 Blockchain, or, Peer Production Without Guarantees 238Pablo Velasco González and Nathaniel Tkacz19 Community Wireless Networks 254Gwen Shaffer20 Commoning the Urban 268Nicholas AnastasopoulosPart V Conflicts: Peer Production and the World 28321 Peer Production and Social Change 285Mathieu O'Neil and Sébastien Broca22 Peer Production and Collective Action 299Stefania Milan23 Feminist Peer Production 311Sophie Toupin24 Postcolonial Peer Production 322Maitrayee Deka25 Gaps in Peer Design 334Francesca Musiani26 Makerspaces and Peer Production: Spaces of Possibility, Tension, Post]Automation, or Liberation? 347Kat Braybrooke and Adrian Smith27 Peer Production and State Theory: Envisioning a Cooperative Partner State 359Alex Pazaitis and Wolfgang DrechslerPart VI Conversions: Advancing Peer Production 37128 Making a Case for Peer Production: Interviews with Peter Bloom, MariamMecky, Ory Okolloh, Abraham Taherivand, and Stefano Zacchiroli 37329 What's Next? Peer Production Studies? 388Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold30 Be Your Own Peer! Principles and Policies for the Commons 397Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian PentzoldIndex 409

Mathieu O'Neil is Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Canberra's News & Media Research Centre where he researches the political economy of peer production and conducts network and content analyses of online controversies. He is also Honorary Associate Professor of Sociology at the Australian National University, where he contributed to the creation of the Virtual Observatory for the Study of Online Networks. He previously held academic appointments at the Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3, the Australian National University and the Université Paris Sorbonne. He has also worked as a magazine editor and exhibition curator in Singapore, and as a researcher for the Australian Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy. He is the founder of the Journal of Peer Production. His work has been published in Social Networks, Journal of Peer Production, Réseaux, Information, Communication & Society, Organization Studies, New Media and Society, and the International Journal of Communication, among others.Christian Pentzold is Professor of Media and Communication at the Department for Communication and Media Studies, Leipzig University, Germany. Before that, he worked in the Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research at the University of Bremen and the Institute for Media Research at Chemnitz University of Technology. He is broadly interested in the construction and appropriation of digital media and the roles, information and communication technologies play in modern society. His work in communication research and media analysis links to insights coming from cultural sociology, linguistics as well as science and technology studies. In current projects, he looks at the public understanding of big data, the organization and governance of peer production, as well as the interplay of time, data, and media. His work has come out with Media, Culture & Society, New Media and Society, Communication, Culture and Critique, and the International Journal of Communication.Sophie Toupin is a Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC) postdoctoral fellow at the University of Amsterdam where she explores the linkages between feminism, data, and infrastructure. She completed her Ph.D. in the Department of Art History and Communication Studies at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Her doctoral research examined the relationship between technology and anti-colonialism during the South African anti-apartheid struggle. Her work has been published in New Media and Society, Feminist Media Studies, Canadian Journal of Communication, Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, and Journal of Peer Production, among others.

• List of Figures ixList of Tables xiNotes on Contributors xiiiPreface xxiChapter Summaries xxiiiPart I Introduction 11 The Duality of Peer Production: Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free]Riding Firms 3Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian PentzoldPart II Concepts: Explaining Peer Production 192 Grammar of Peer Production 21Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens3 Political Economy of Peer Production 33Benjamin J. Birkinbine4 Social Norms and Rules in Peer Production 44Christian Pentzold5 Cultures of Peer Production 56Michael Stevenson6 Commons]Based Peer Production and Virtue (reprint) 70Yochai Benkler and Helen NissenbaumPart III Conditions: Enabling Peer Production 877 Prophets and Advocates of Peer Production 89George Dafermos8 Virtue, Efficiency, and the Sharing Economy 101Margie Borschke9 Open Licensing Peer Production 109Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay10 User Motivations in Peer Production 123Sebastian Spaeth and Sven Niederhöfer11 Governing for Growth in Scope: Cultivating a Comparative Understanding of How Peer Production Collectives Evolve 137Rebecca Karp, Amisha Miller, and Siobhán O'MahonyPart IV Cases: Realizing Peer Production 15312 Free and Open Source Software 155Stéphane Couture13 Wikipedia and Wikis 169Jutta Haider and Olof Sundin14 Participatory Cartography: Drones, Countermapping, and Technological Power 185Adam Fish15 P2P Learning 197Panayotis Antoniadis and Alekos Pantazis16 Biohacking 211Morgan Meyer17 Makers 225Yana Boeva and Peter Troxler18 Blockchain, or, Peer Production Without Guarantees 238Pablo Velasco González and Nathaniel Tkacz19 Community Wireless Networks 254Gwen Shaffer20 Commoning the Urban 268Nicholas AnastasopoulosPart V Conflicts: Peer Production and the World 28321 Peer Production and Social Change 285Mathieu O'Neil and Sébastien Broca22 Peer Production and Collective Action 299Stefania Milan23 Feminist Peer Production 311Sophie Toupin24 Postcolonial Peer Production 322Maitrayee Deka25 Gaps in Peer Design 334Francesca Musiani26 Makerspaces and Peer Production: Spaces of Possibility, Tension, Post]Automation, or Liberation? 347Kat Braybrooke and Adrian Smith27 Peer Production and State Theory: Envisioning a Cooperative Partner State 359Alex Pazaitis and Wolfgang DrechslerPart VI Conversions: Advancing Peer Production 37128 Making a Case for Peer Production: Interviews with Peter Bloom, MariamMecky, Ory Okolloh, Abraham Taherivand, and Stefano Zacchiroli 37329 What's Next? Peer Production Studies? 388Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold30 Be Your Own Peer! Principles and Policies for the Commons 397Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian PentzoldIndex 409

Mathieu O'Neil is Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Canberra's News & Media Research Centre where he researches the political economy of peer production and conducts network and content analyses of online controversies. He is also Honorary Associate Professor of Sociology at the Australian National University, where he contributed to the creation of the Virtual Observatory for the Study of Online Networks. He previously held academic appointments at the Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3, the Australian National University and the Université Paris Sorbonne. He has also worked as a magazine editor and exhibition curator in Singapore, and as a researcher for the Australian Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy. He is the founder of the Journal of Peer Production. His work has been published in Social Networks, Journal of Peer Production, Réseaux, Information, Communication & Society, Organization Studies, New Media and Society, and the International Journal of Communication, among others.Christian Pentzold is Professor of Media and Communication at the Department for Communication and Media Studies, Leipzig University, Germany. Before that, he worked in the Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research at the University of Bremen and the Institute for Media Research at Chemnitz University of Technology. He is broadly interested in the construction and appropriation of digital media and the roles, information and communication technologies play in modern society. His work in communication research and media analysis links to insights coming from cultural sociology, linguistics as well as science and technology studies. In current projects, he looks at the public understanding of big data, the organization and governance of peer production, as well as the interplay of time, data, and media. His work has come out with Media, Culture & Society, New Media and Society, Communication, Culture and Critique, and the International Journal of Communication.Sophie Toupin is a Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC) postdoctoral fellow at the University of Amsterdam where she explores the linkages between feminism, data, and infrastructure. She completed her Ph.D. in the Department of Art History and Communication Studies at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Her doctoral research examined the relationship between technology and anti-colonialism during the South African anti-apartheid struggle. Her work has been published in New Media and Society, Feminist Media Studies, Canadian Journal of Communication, Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, and Journal of Peer Production, among others.

• List of Figures ixList of Tables xiNotes on Contributors xiiiPreface xxiChapter Summaries xxiiiPart I Introduction 11 The Duality of Peer Production: Infrastructure for the Digital Commons, Free Labor for Free]Riding Firms 3Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian PentzoldPart II Concepts: Explaining Peer Production 192 Grammar of Peer Production 21Vasilis Kostakis and Michel Bauwens3 Political Economy of Peer Production 33Benjamin J. Birkinbine4 Social Norms and Rules in Peer Production 44Christian Pentzold5 Cultures of Peer Production 56Michael Stevenson6 Commons]Based Peer Production and Virtue (reprint) 70Yochai Benkler and Helen NissenbaumPart III Conditions: Enabling Peer Production 877 Prophets and Advocates of Peer Production 89George Dafermos8 Virtue, Efficiency, and the Sharing Economy 101Margie Borschke9 Open Licensing Peer Production 109Mélanie Dulong de Rosnay10 User Motivations in Peer Production 123Sebastian Spaeth and Sven Niederhöfer11 Governing for Growth in Scope: Cultivating a Comparative Understanding of How Peer Production Collectives Evolve 137Rebecca Karp, Amisha Miller, and Siobhán O'MahonyPart IV Cases: Realizing Peer Production 15312 Free and Open Source Software 155Stéphane Couture13 Wikipedia and Wikis 169Jutta Haider and Olof Sundin14 Participatory Cartography: Drones, Countermapping, and Technological Power 185Adam Fish15 P2P Learning 197Panayotis Antoniadis and Alekos Pantazis16 Biohacking 211Morgan Meyer17 Makers 225Yana Boeva and Peter Troxler18 Blockchain, or, Peer Production Without Guarantees 238Pablo Velasco González and Nathaniel Tkacz19 Community Wireless Networks 254Gwen Shaffer20 Commoning the Urban 268Nicholas AnastasopoulosPart V Conflicts: Peer Production and the World 28321 Peer Production and Social Change 285Mathieu O'Neil and Sébastien Broca22 Peer Production and Collective Action 299Stefania Milan23 Feminist Peer Production 311Sophie Toupin24 Postcolonial Peer Production 322Maitrayee Deka25 Gaps in Peer Design 334Francesca Musiani26 Makerspaces and Peer Production: Spaces of Possibility, Tension, Post]Automation, or Liberation? 347Kat Braybrooke and Adrian Smith27 Peer Production and State Theory: Envisioning a Cooperative Partner State 359Alex Pazaitis and Wolfgang DrechslerPart VI Conversions: Advancing Peer Production 37128 Making a Case for Peer Production: Interviews with Peter Bloom, MariamMecky, Ory Okolloh, Abraham Taherivand, and Stefano Zacchiroli 37329 What's Next? Peer Production Studies? 388Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian Pentzold30 Be Your Own Peer! Principles and Policies for the Commons 397Mathieu O'Neil, Sophie Toupin, and Christian PentzoldIndex 409